全局光照技术在三维动画电影中的发展与应用  

Development and application of global illumination technology in 3D animated films

作　　者：崔蕴鹏[1] 郑宇高 傅俊卿 CUI Yunpeng;ZHENG Yugao;FU Junqing(School of Animation and Digital Arts,Communication University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学动画与数字艺术学院,北京100024

出　　处：《现代电影技术》2025年第3期52-58,共7页Advanced Motion Picture Technology

基　　金：北京市朝阳区委宣传部项目“数字影视标准化流程构建研究”(ZW24082)。

摘　　要：全局光照(GI)作为一种高级渲染技术,通过模拟现实世界中光的原理和效果,显著提升了动画电影的视觉真实感。本文结合其技术原理与艺术表达,梳理了全局光照技术中光线追踪、路径追踪、光子映射等主要原理,结合GPU加速和人工智能(AI)算法的影响,分析各类动画电影及游戏案例,从而探讨全局光照技术在光造型中的演变,总结其对造型风格的影响。全局光照技术虽然提升了画面的真实感,但也带来了渲染效率降低、限制创作者控制力和造型立体感不足等问题。展望未来发展趋势,在AI和实时渲染技术的推动下,全局光照将在生成效率和可控度方面产生突破,但创作者仍需在技术与艺术之间找到平衡,确保光造型服务于作品的艺术表达。Global illumination(GI),as an advanced rendering technology,significantly enhances the visual realism of ani-mated films by simulating real-world lighting principles and effects.This paper combines technical principles with artistic ex-pression to outline key concepts in GI technology,including ray tracing,path tracing,and photon mapping.It also analyzes various animated film and game cases with the impact of GPU acceleration and artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms.The aim is to explore the evolution of GI technology in lighting,assess its influence on modeling styles,and address challenges such as reduced rendering efficiency,limitations on creative control,and insufficient sense of stereoscopy.With the rise of AI and real-time rendering technologies,GI is expected to achieve breakthroughs in generation efficiency and controllabil-ity.However,creators still need to balance technology and art to ensure light modeling serves the artistic expression of their works.

关 键 词：全局光照 三维动画 光造型 间接照明 

分 类 号：J954[艺术—电影电视艺术] J914[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]