单位犯罪废止论  

On the Abolition of Unit Crime

作　　者：李立丰 LI Lifeng

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心

出　　处：《法学研究》2025年第2期172-189,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“公共危机场域下微观法律秩序的线性建构研究”(23BFX042)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国刑法中的单位犯罪因背离“道德否定评价”的刑法根本属性,混淆了刑法与其他部门法的功能边界,弱化了刑法的伦理基础,陷入了立法泛化与司法空置的困境。单位犯罪双罚制的象征意义与实质威慑亦显不足,其导致的罪名扩张与责任逻辑混乱,无法单纯通过出台相关司法解释、将单位犯罪限缩为法人犯罪或者建构拟制主体学说等方式彻底解决。废止单位犯罪后,可通过褫夺资质、限制经营等非刑罚处遇替代罚金刑,以“单位的犯罪”作为组织化归责模式,继续发挥现行单位犯罪推定成立共同犯罪的功能,以期在坚守罪过原则的基础上实现刑事责任认定的科学化,维护刑法的伦理功能与体系自洽。The unit crime doctrine in China deviates from the essence of “moral condemnation” of criminal law, confuses the functional boundaries between criminal law and other legal domains, weakens the ethical basis of criminal law, and falls into the dilemma of legislative generalization and judicial vacancy. The symbolic significance and substantive deterrence of the dual punishment system of unit crimes are also insufficient, and the resulting expansion of charges and confusion in the logic of responsibility cannot be completely solved by simply issuing relevant judicial interpretations, limiting unit crimes to corporate crimes, or constructing a theory of fictional legal persons. After the abolition of unit crimes,non-penal sanctions such as disqualification and restriction of business operations can be used to replace fines, and “the crime committed by unit” can be used as an organized accountability model to continue to play the role of default collective accountability framework of current unit crimes, so as to rationalize criminal liability determination by adhering to the principle of culpability, thereby preserving the ethical integrity and systemic coherence of criminal law.

关 键 词：单位犯罪 道德否定评价 罪过原则 非刑罚处遇 共同犯罪 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学] D924.3[政治法律—法学]