刘宗周的礼论与明清之际礼学的兴起  

On Liu Zongzhou’s discourse of Rites and the Rise of Rites Studies in the Late Ming and Early Qing Period

作　　者：潘斌 Pan bin

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学社会发展研究院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2025年第1期36-50,共15页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“明代礼学思想研究”(项目编号:23BZX034)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在礼的依据之探究上,刘宗周有着强烈的心学色彩。他认为“读《礼》而得吾心之节文焉”,与阳明向内探求的心学路数一脉相承。他认为礼的制作与践履的根据是“吾心之明”,因此古礼要与“吾心”相印证,否则便不合时宜。刘宗周对礼经进行重新编排,并以此彰显圣人之说,其思路与朱子《仪礼经传通解》并无二致。刘宗周重构的“本体—工夫”论将阳明后学所割裂的本体与工夫加以弥合,并特别强调工夫对于本体的意义。而刘宗周对礼的重视与对礼教的推崇正是其所重构的“本体—工夫”论的重要内容。刘宗周端肃严毅是礼教在人的道德和修身方面的体现,而以具体的、实有的礼为修身应事的准则是对阳明后学强调自发和流于肆情恣意的纠偏。刘宗周的礼论对明清之际的学术思想产生了直接或间接的影响。其影响,小而言之,体现在陈确、黄宗羲、万斯大等人的礼学方面;大而言之,与明清之际的学术走向以及清代学术皆有关系。In terms of exploring the basis of li(礼;rite),Liu Zongzhou showed a strong color of the philosophy of the mind(xin xue;心学).Followed the same approach of Zhu Xi’s Yi Li Jing Zhuan Tong Jie(仪礼经传通解),Liu reorganized The Book of Rites(Li Jing;礼经)to showcase the teachings of sages.He reconstructed the theory of“benti-gongfu”,bridged the gap between the two concepts which has been severely separated by Wang Yangming’s students,and particularly emphasized that the latter had a great significance to the former.Liu’s emphasis on rites,as well as his admiration to the rites education consists of the important contents of his theory of“benti-gongfu”.Took the concrete and practical rites as the basic principle of self-cultivation,Liu has rectified the excessive casualness tendency of Wang Yangming’s students.Liu’s discourse on rites has directly influenced the academic thoughts during the late Ming and early Qing period.

关 键 词：刘宗周 明清之际 礼论 礼教 本体—功夫论 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]