基于运动学三维模拟的山区公路崩塌灾害损伤评价及治理  

Rockfall damage evaluation and treatment suggestions for mountain highways based on three-dimensional kinematic simulations

作　　者：张乐 陈沛[1] 向波 张俊云 何云勇[1] 叶尚其 龚臻 徐鸿彪 李颖 ZHANG Le;CHEN Pei;XIANG Bo;ZHANG Junyun;HE Yunyong;YE Shangqi;GONG Zhen;XU Hongbiao;LI Ying(Sichuan Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司,成都610041 [2]西南交通大学土木工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2025年第2期104-115,共12页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：交通运输部重点科技项目(2021-ZD1-019);四川省交通运输科技项目(2021-A-02,2024-ZL-02)。

摘　　要：考虑斜坡地貌特征的运动学三维模拟是山区公路危岩崩塌灾害损伤评价的重要依据,其计算结果亦可支撑崩塌灾害治理。基于实地调查和无人机航测,分析了研究区危岩分布、物质组成和灾变特征,并采用RocPro3D软件进行危岩崩塌运动学三维模拟,对灾害损伤情况进行评价,并计算不同粒径落石和防护设施下的工程治理效果。结果表明,构造挤压和临空卸荷产生的组合节理切割形成了危岩,底部风化凹腔降低了危岩稳定性,后缘裂隙静水推力和裂隙渗水是危岩崩塌的典型诱因;危岩崩塌后运动速度和冲击能量先增大后减小,弹跳高度起伏波动且整体趋于降低;研究区危岩带对坡脚管理用房具有重大威胁,清方至危岩直径低于0.8m,并采用高6.0m、防护能级1000 kJ的被动防护网是有效的处置措施;危岩崩塌运动迹线空间分布局部集中位置应适当增强防护。运动学三维模拟能够获取危岩崩塌运动迹线、速度、能量、弹跳高度和单元密度等信息,突破了二维剖面计算在空间上的局限性,对灾害损伤评价和地质灾害防治具有重要意义。[Objective]Three-dimensional kinematic simulation,which takes into account the characteristics of slope topography,serves as a crucial foundation for assessing rockfall risks in mountainous highways.Additionally,its computational outcomes can significantly enhance management strategies for rockfall mitigation.[Methods]Leveraging field investigations and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)aerial surveys,we conducted a detailed analysis of the distribution,material composition,and disaster characteristics of hazardous rocks within the study area.Using RocPro3D software,we simulated the three-dimensional kinematics of rockfall to evaluate the disaster's impact and assess the effectiveness of engineering interventions for rockfalls of various particle sizes,complemented by protective measures.[Results]Our findings indicate that joints formed due to tectonic compression and stress relief from unloading segment the precarious rock masses,while weathering cavities at their bases diminish stability.Hydrostatic thrust exerted by trailing edge cracks,along with water seepage through these fractures,are identified as typical triggers of rockfall events.Post-collapse,the velocity and impact energy of falling rocks initially increase and then decline,while bounce height exhibits variability before showing a decreasing trend.Hazardous rock zones within the study area pose a significant threat to management facilities situated at the foot of the slope.An effective remedial measure involves clearing areas adjacent to dangerous rocks with diameters less than 0.8 meters and implementing a passive protection net measuring 5.0 meters in height,designed to withstand an energy level of 1000 kJ.Localized concentration areas within the spatial distribution of rockfall movement traces should be appropriately reinforced.[Conclusion]Three-dimensional kinematic simulation provides detailed information on rockfall movement traces,velocity,energy,bounce height,and unit density.This approach transcends the spatial limitations inherent in two-dimensio

关 键 词：山区公路 崩塌 运动学 三维模拟 RocPro3D 灾害损伤评价 工程治理 

分 类 号：U416.14[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]