不同轮作模式对豇豆根腐病、产量品质及土壤微生态的影响  

Effects of Different Crop Rotation Models on Cowpea Root Rot Disease,Yield,Quality and Soil Microbial Ecology

作　　者：许婧霞 李金泉[3] 周勇 周义权 陈伟 李奎 易菊平 焦忠久[3] 矫正彪 唐霞珍 胡洪涛 杨亚珍[1] XU Jingxia;LI Jinquan;ZHOU Yong;ZHOU Yiquan;CHEN Wei;LI Kui;YI Juping;JIAO Zhongjiu;JIAO Zhengbiao;TANG Xiazhen;HU Hongtao;YANG Yazhen(College of Life Sciences,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China;Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;Institute of Economic Crop Research,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;Agricutural Service Center of Huangtugang Town,Macheng 438329,Hubei,China;Zhanggou Agricultural Technology Service Center of Xiantao City,Xiantao 433000,Hubei,China;Laifeng Xingjia Ecological Agricultural Scientifi c Technology Co.,Ltd.,Laifeng 445799,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]湖北省生物农药工程研究中心,湖北武汉430064 [3]湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所,湖北武汉430064 [4]麻城市黄土岗镇农业服务中心,湖北麻城438329 [5]仙桃市张沟农业技术服务中心,湖北仙桃433000 [6]来凤兴佳生态农业科技有限公司,湖北来凤445799

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第4期132-142,共11页China Vegetables

基　　金：湖北省技术创新计划项目(2024BBB088)。

摘　　要：为探究不同轮作模式对豇豆根腐病发病率、产量品质、土壤理化性质以及微生态的影响,在豇豆连作田中进行了田间试验。试验设置了3种种植模式,分别为:T1(小麦—豇豆轮作)、T2(苋菜—豇豆轮作)和CK(豇豆连作)。结果表明:与CK相比,T1和T2处理豇豆根腐病的发病率分别降低了14.47、5.17百分点,差异均显著,豇豆幼苗株高、茎粗和叶片SPAD值不同程度增加。在T1处理中,豇豆产量和营养成分(粗蛋白和VC)含量显著增加。T1和T2处理的土壤pH、碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷含量较CK无显著差异,但T1处理的土壤有机质含量显著增加。轮作显著改变了土壤微生物群落结构,并增加了真菌和细菌的α多样性(幅度为4.44%~28.29%)。PCA分析显示不同处理土壤真菌和土壤细菌群落存在显著差异。LEfSe分析表明T1和T2处理土壤中镰刀菌数量分别下降92.37%和55.16%,差异均显著,土壤真菌和细菌分别有46个和91个分类单元显著变化。综上,轮作模式,尤其是小麦—豇豆轮作,有效降低了豇豆根腐病的发病率、提升了豇豆产量和品质,同时土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构和功能也得到改善。In this study,a field experiment was conducted to explore the impacts of different crop rotation patterns on cowpea root rot incidence,yields,qualities,soil physicochemical properties and microbial ecology in a cowpea continuous cropping field.The experiment consisted of three treatments,including T1(wheat cowpea rotation),T2(amaranth cowpea rotation)and CK(cowpea continuous cropping).The results demonstrated that the incidences of cowpea root rot were significantly reduced by 14.47 percentage points and 5.17 percentage points in T1 and T2,respectively.The heights,stem diameters and leaf SPAD values of seedlings were increased to varying degrees.The yield and nutritional components,including dry matter,crude protein,and VC,were significantly enhanced in T1.No significant difference in soil pH,available nitrogen,available potassium,or available phosphorus was observed among the treatments.However,the organic matter content was significantly improved in T1.Crop rotation notably changed the soil microbial community structures and increased theαdiversities of both soil fungi and bacteria by 4.44%to 28.29%.Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed that the distinct differences were observed in fungal and bacterial communities across treatments.LEfSe analysis showed that the populations of Fusarium were significantly reduced by 92.37%and 55.16%in T1 and in T2,respectively,and a total of 46 fungal and 91 bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were significantly changed.In conclusion,crop rotation,particularly wheat-cowpea rotation,effectively mitigated cowpea root rot,improved yield and quality,with improvement of soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure and function.

关 键 词：豇豆根腐病 小麦轮作 秸秆还田 土壤微生物 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]