面向通信感知一体化的仿射频分复用技术综述  

A Survey on Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication

作　　者：李雨昂 丁昱翔 吕璐 杨龙[1,2] 陈健[1] LI Yuang;DING Yuxiang;LYU Lu;YANG Long;CHEN Jian(School of Telecommunication Engineering,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071,China;State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学通信工程学院,陕西西安710071 [2]西安电子科技大学空天地一体化综合业务网全国重点实验室,陕西西安710071

出　　处：《无线电工程》2025年第4期714-725,共12页Radio Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62271368,62371367);陕西省重点研发计划(2023-ZDLGY-50);中央高校基本科研业务费(QTZX23066)。

摘　　要：6G移动通信系统中,通信和感知的深度融合尤为重要,对网络架构、组网技术以及空口能力等方面的原生通信感知融合设计提出了更高要求。其中,通信感知一体化(Integrated Sensing and Communication,ISAC)波形设计作为关键技术,有望实现高效率通信和高精度感知双重目标。6G系统预计将采用超高频(Extremely High Frequency,EHF)技术,特别是在毫米波和太赫兹频段,以支持低空经济、车联网(Vehicle to Everything,V2X)、高速铁路以及卫星通信等应用。这些场景通常处于异构和高速移动条件下,产生的双色散信道给无线通信系统带来了巨大挑战。最近提出的仿射频分复用(Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing,AFDM)技术通过在离散仿射傅里叶变换(Discrete Affine Fourier Transform,DAFT)域中对信息符号进行多路复用,使得所有的路径相互分离,每个符号都经历所有的路径系数,从而在双色散信道上实现完全分集。介绍了AFDM的基本理论,讨论了AFDM与其他潜在波形在ISAC系统中的性能差异,对AFDM在ISAC场景中的应用和未来研究方向进行了描述和展望。In the Sixth-Generation(6G) mobile communication system,the deep integration of communication and sensing is of paramount importance,which imposes higher requirements on the native design of Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC) systems in terms of network architecture,networking technologies,and air interface capabilities.As a key technology,ISAC waveform design is expected to achieve the dual objectives of high-efficiency communication and high-precision sensing.The 6G system is anticipated to employ Extremely High Frequency(EHF) technology,especially in millimeter-wave and Terahertz bands to support applications such as low-altitude economy,Vehicle to Everything(V2X),high-speed railways,and satellite communications.These scenarios are often under heterogeneous and high-speed mobile conditions,posing significant challenges to wireless communication systems due to doubly-dispersive channels.Recently proposed Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing(AFDM) technology,which multiplexes information symbols in the Discrete Affine Fourier Transform(DAFT) domain,ensures that all paths are separated and each symbol experiences all path coefficients,thereby achieving full diversity over doubly-dispersive channels.The basic theory of AFDM is first introduced,then the performance differences between AFDM and other potential waveforms in ISAC systems are discussed,and finally the applications of AFDM in ISAC scenarios and future research directions are described and prospected.

关 键 词：仿射频分复用 通信感知一体化 波形设计 6G 

分 类 号：TN92[电子电信—通信与信息系统]