董仲舒声名观念的思想史意义——以《深察名号》为中心  

On DONG Zhongshu's Concept of Sound-Name--Centered on In-Depth Exploration of Names

作　　者：钟翠琴 ZHONG Cuiqin

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院,上海200092

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期47-59,205,206,共15页Journal of South China Normal University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：把形当作命名的根据,是先秦形名家的重要观念。到了汉儒那里,则自觉地将命名的根基安置在声上。在《深察名号》篇中,董仲舒认为名号源于天地,也能够达天意,名号的实质是声音。在对名号及其科目的解释上,董仲舒使用了声训,由声及义,加强了“声名”与天意的关联。天不言说,人发其意,人言即天言,人意即天意。《春秋》作为圣人之言乃天意的抒发,而《春秋》大义则依托于辞而彰显。董仲舒的声名观念深刻地影响了汉代的思想世界,为汉代听觉中心思想的确立打下了坚实的基础。对声名观念的重思不仅对于理解董仲舒思想具有重要意义,也为重新认识汉代思想提供了一个新的视角。The Pre-Qin Mingjia(行名家)scholars regarded“form”as the basis for naming,a concept that was later adapted by the Han Confucians,who shifted the foundation of naming to“sound”.In the chapter In-depth Exploration of Names,DONG Zhongshu argued that names,originating from Heaven and Earth,carry the will of Heaven and are essentially sounds.Through phonetic analysis,he connected sound to meaning,strengthening the link between“Sound-Name”and“the Will of Heaven”.He further asserted that Heaven does not speak directly;humans express its will,making human words synonymous with the words of Heaven,and human will equivalent to Heaven's will.In DONG Zhongshu's view,the Spring and Autumn Annals,as the sages'words,convey the will of Heaven,with its core principles expressed through“diction”.His“Sound-Name”concept profoundly influenced Han Dynasty thought,laying the groundwork for the auditory-centric thought of the era.Reexamining this concept is vital not only for understanding DONG Zhongshu's philosophy but also for offering a fresh perspective on Han Dynasty thought.

关 键 词：董仲舒 声名 天意 人意 辞 

分 类 号：B234[哲学宗教—中国哲学]