从金岳霖的观点看庄子的“鱼之乐”  

A Study of Zhuangzi's "Happy Fish" from Jin Yuelin's Philosophical Perspective

作　　者：刘新文[1,2] Liu Xinwen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院 [2]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2025年第3期58-68,173,共12页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“逻辑与哲学体系建设视角下的金岳霖学术思想研究”(编号24AZX023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《庄子》中关于“鱼之乐”的讨论涉及普遍的哲学难题。金岳霖建立“正觉中心观”的知识理论,“不同的官能类”是其关键概念之一。他认为,从人类中心观(以及自我中心观)和正觉中心观这两个不同的立场看待这个概念,就会对共同、客观、真假和外物等问题产生不同的回答。他提示,采取前一种立场的知识论会导致“庄子所谓人乐鱼乐”所涉及的认识论困难,而采取后一种立场的知识论则没有这种困难。根据这个提示以及他在《知识论》中对“知道”与“如何知道”的区分,命题“庄子知道鱼之乐”的真可以在《知识论》的学说中得到一个通达解释。金岳霖的知识论学说具有明显的西方哲学特点,但背后的形而上学背景则是中国传统哲学中的“天人合一”思想。The passage on "the happiness of fish" in Zhuangzi touches upon universal philosophical problems.Jin Yuelin developed his epistemological theory of "sensationcentricity," with the concept of "different classes of faculties of sensation" as a central idea.He suggested that when viewed from the perspective of anthropocentrism(and selfcentrism) versus sensation-centricity,this concept offers different answers to questions concerning commonality,objectivity,truth,and external objects.He indicated that the former epistemological approach leads to the difficulties in understanding "the happiness of fish" as presented in Zhuangzi,whereas the latter avoids such challenges.Drawing on his distinction between "knowing that" and "knowing how," the proposition "Zhuangzi knows the happiness of fish" can be explained coherently within his theory of knowledge.While Jin Yuelin's theory has evident Western philosophical elements,its metaphysical basis lies in the traditional Chinese thought of "the unity of nature and man."

关 键 词：庄子 鱼之乐 人类中心观 金岳霖 正觉中心观 

分 类 号：B261.41[哲学宗教—中国哲学]