氮磷钾与植物生长调节剂配施对油茶成花与生长影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Phosphorus and Potassium Combined with Plant Growth Regulators on Flower Formation and Growth of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：肖璐 王纯 刘登鑫 彭媛 姚桂霞 吴佩珊 陈玉姣 李真明 彭韬 胡玉玲 唐丽 XIAO Lu;WANG Chun;LIU Deng-xin;PENG Yuan;YAO Gui-xia;WU Pei-shan;CHEN Yu-jiao;LI Zhen-ming;PENG Tao;HU Yu-ling;TANG Li(College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology,Hunan Applied Technology University,Changde,Hunan 415000)

机构地区：[1]湖南应用技术学院农林科技学院,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《辽宁农业科学》2025年第2期7-13,共7页Liaoning Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省油茶产业科研示范项目(2024LYCY0012);湖南省“十四五”应用特色学科(林学)(湘教通[2022]351);常德市经济林生态过程调控与高值化利用工程技术研究中心;大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202413809102X;202213809035)。

摘　　要：油茶是我国南方重要的木本食用油料作物,在生产中常出现“大小年”现象,探讨氮磷钾与植物生长调节剂对油茶成花与生长影响,对提高油茶花芽数量实现油茶高产稳产具有重要意义。试验以油茶优良品种湘林210的8年生植株为试验材料,选用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验设计,在3~4月分别进行氮磷钾与植物生长调节剂配施,探讨其对油茶的春梢生长和花芽分化的影响。结果表明,施用氮磷钾对一级侧梢和二级侧梢的花芽数量影响极显著,对三级侧梢花芽数量和一级侧梢粗度也影响显著;NAA对顶梢叶片数量影响显著,施用GA_(3)对顶梢长度影响显著。隶属函数分析表明,单独施N处理(处理1)花芽数量多,花芽分化率高,叶片数量最多;氮与NAA、6-BA和GA配施处理(处理3)叶片SPAD与叶片含氮量最高,春梢粗度最粗,即施250 g尿素基础上,喷施5×10^(-5)mol/L NAA、5×10^(-5)mol/L 6-BA和5×10^(-5)mol/L GA_(3)为最佳配施组合。Camellia oleifera is an important woody edible oil crop in south China,and the phenomenon of"small year"often occurs in production.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and plant growth regu-lators on flower formation and growth of camellia oleifera were studied to provide basis for increasing the num-ber of flower buds,so as to achieve high and stable yield cultivation.The 8 a plants of"Xianglin 210",an ex-cellent variety of Camellia oleifera,were selected as experimental materials,and L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal experi-mental design was selected,Shoots growth and flower bud differentiation of Camellia oleifera were studied and analyzed by using N,P and K plant growth regulators in March and April respectively.Application of N,P and K had significant effects on the quantity and thickness of the first and third lateral branches.NAA had a significant effect on the number of main branches and GA_(3)had a significant effect on the length of main bran-ches.The number of flower buds in treatment 1 was higher and the rate of flower bud differentiation was high-er.The number of blades treated with 1 is the largest.The contents of SPAD and nitrogen in leaves of treat-ment 3 were the highest,and the branches of treatment 4 were the longest.Handle 3 branches thickest.In summary,treatment 3 was the best combination for branch growth,that is,on the basis of 250 g N,5×10^(-5)mol/L NAA,5×10^(-5)mol/L 6-BA and 5×10^(-5)mol/L GA_(3),treatment 3 had more vigorous growth,higher leaf index content and better flower bud index.

关 键 词：植物生长调节剂 氮磷钾 花芽分化率 春梢生长 隶属函数值 

分 类 号：S571.106.2[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]