有机物类型对厌氧发酵产酸特性的影响研究  

Study on Anaerobic Fermentation of Different Organic Matter for VFAs Production

作　　者：刘丹 郭栋 王海潮 郑晓伟 李珊 邵岩 王森杰 马晓春 LIU Dan;GUO Dong;WANG Haichao;ZHENG Xiaowei;LI Shan;SHAO Yan;WANG Senjie;MA Xiaochun(Institute of Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100089,China;Beijing No.4 Municipal Construciton Engineering Co Ltd,Beijing 100176,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术研究院资源环境研究所,北京100089 [2]北京市市政四建设工程有限公司,北京100176

出　　处：《中国沼气》2025年第2期63-68,共6页China Biogas

基　　金：2024年北京市科学技术研究院创新培育项目(24CB002-12);北京市科学技术研究院北科萌芽人才计划(No.24CE-BGS-07)。

摘　　要：厌氧发酵是个极其复杂的过程,为揭示餐厨垃圾有机物种类对厌氧发酵类型及产酸量的影响程度,以淀粉代表物大米、蔬菜纤维素代表物白菜、蛋白质类代表物鸡肉为研究对象,采用简易发酵瓶作为反应器,在pH值为8,温度35℃条件下进行厌氧发酵实验。实验结果表明:1)同等质量不同有机物厌氧发酵水解产酸特性差异性较大。蛋白质类有机物(鸡肉)产生的VFAs总浓度最高,为20.75 g·L^(-1),VFAs中以乙酸居多,浓度可达10.25 g·L^(-1),发酵类型为乙酸型发酵;碳水化合物类有机物(大米)厌氧发酵生成VFAs中以丁酸和乙酸为主,其中丁酸的最高浓度为9.87 g·L^(-1),乙酸为5.89 g·L^(-1),发酵类型为丁酸型发酵;纤维素类有机物(白菜)厌氧发酵产生的VFAs中以乙酸为主,乙酸最高浓度约为3 g·L^(-1),发酵类型为乙酸型发酵。2)混合餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵类型主要取决于有机物的种类和含量,当混合垃圾组成比例为50%白菜、30%米饭和20%熟鸡肉(湿重)时,VFAs以乙酸和丁酸为主,乙酸含量约为5.75 g·L^(-1),丁酸为2.67 g·L^(-1)。3)餐厨垃圾组成会影响VFAs的构成。通过主成分分析表明乙酸、丙酸主要来源于蛋白质的降解,丁酸主要来源于碳水化合物的降解,碳水化合物降解也能产生一部分乙酸。当蛋白质含量占据相当比例时(实验中蛋白质∶碳水化合物=1∶2~1∶5)系统内表现出VFAs以乙酸为主。The anaerobic fermentation of food waste is an extremely complex process.In order to reveal the features of organic species of food waste on acid production,a simple fermentor was used to carry out the anaerobic fermentation experiment at pH 8 and 35℃with rice,Chinese cabbage and chicken as the representatives of carbohydrate,vegetable and protein.The results showed that:1)The characteristics of acid production varied greatly.The highest concentration of VFAs was found in chicken(20.75 g·L^(-1)).The concentration of acetic acid could reach 10.25 g·L^(-1),and the fermentation type was acetic acid fermentation.Butyric acid and acetic acid were the main VFAs produced by carbohydrate organic compounds(rice),the highest concentration of butyric acid was 9.87 g·L^(-1),acetic acid was 5.89 g·L^(-1),and the fermentation type was butyric acid fermentation.The fermentation type of cellulose organic matter(Chinese cabbage)was acetic acid fermentation,and the highest concentration of acetic acid was about 3 g·L^(-1).2)The type of anaerobic fermentation of mixed food waste mainly depends on the type and content of organic matter.When the proportion of mixed food waste is 50%Chinese cabbage,30%rice and 20%chicken(wet weight),the VFAs were mainly acetic acid and butyric acid,the content of acetic acid was 5.75 g·L^(-1),butyric acid was 2.67 g·L^(-1).3)The composition of VFAs is affected by the proportion of nutrient components.It was shown by principal component analysis that acetate and propionate were mainly derived from protein degradation,butyrate was mainly derived from carbohydrate,and part of acetate was also produced from carbohydrate degradation.When the protein content accounted for a considerable proportion(protein∶carbohydrate=1∶2~1∶5 in the experiment),the VFAs in the system were mainly acetic acid.

关 键 词：厌氧发酵 VFAs 餐厨垃圾 蛋白质 碳水化合物 蔬菜纤维素 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X712[农业科学—农业工程] X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]