基于化学平衡原理设计热固性聚氨酯弹性体的闭环回收  

Closed-loop Recycling of Thermoset Polyurethane Elastomers via Chemical Equilibrium

作　　者：田佳[1] 鞠浩 李光裕 陈嘉瑶 曹鹏飞 Jia Tian;Hao Ju;Guang-yu Li;Jia-yao Chen;Peng-fei Cao(State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《高分子学报》2025年第4期527-538,共12页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号52373275,52303290)资助.

摘　　要：传统热固性聚氨酯材料因其高度交联结构而难以熔融和溶解,导致其废弃物难以进行有效回收.为此,基于基本化学平衡原理及氨基甲酸酯的动态特性,本研究设计了一种热固性聚氨酯弹性体的闭环化学回收方法:通过调节体系中单官能度醇类小分子浓度,获得可逆化学反应的定向调控,即通过浓度调控的反应平衡原理,控制热固性聚氨酯(C-PU)与线型前驱体分子之间反应倾向,最终实现热固性聚氨酯弹性体的闭环化学回收.实验结果表明,通过闭环回收后重新交联的聚氨酯(C-PU-2)仍保持良好的弹性体力学性能,同时采用了核磁共振与红外光谱等手段进一步证实了回收前后高分子材料化学组成和分子结构的一致性,验证了闭环化学回收策略的有效性.此外,C-PU材料可通过简单的热压工艺实现物理回收,满足不同回收应用需求.本工作为实现热固性聚氨酯材料在环境友好型循环经济中的再利用提供了新的科学思路和技术策略,在高效回收废旧聚氨酯和其他热固性高分子材料方面具有一定的应用潜力.Traditional polyurethane thermosets with highly cross-linked structure are unable to flow and be reprocessed,raising recycling challenges and environmental concerns.Here,a closed-loop chemical recycling approach was proposed for thermoset polyurethane elastomers.Based on the fundamental principles of chemical equilibrium and reversibility of urethane-bond formation,we designed a reversible exchange pathway between linear precursor and cross-linked polyurethane(C-PU)by controlling the concentration of side product,i.e.,nbutanol,which can facilitate the transformation between the crosslinked network and linear counterpart.The recycled elastomer retained good elastomeric properties and showed comparable mechanical performance as its pristine sample.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed the structural consistency of elastomers before and after chemical recycling,validating the effectiveness of the closed-loop recycling strategy.In addition to chemical recycling,the C-PU can also be reprocessed by direct thermal treatment of fractured or damaged material,which meets the requirements for various applications.This study opens a new avenue for closed-loop cycling of polyurethane thermosets and sustainable utilization of other thermosetting polymer materials.

关 键 词：热固性聚氨酯 动态化学键 闭环回收 化学平衡原理 

分 类 号：TQ334.9[化学工程—橡胶工业]