STEM分类视角下专业与职业选择对薪资轨迹的影响研究  

Major and Occupational Differences in Salary Growth Trajectories from the Perspective of the STEM Classification

作　　者：赵梦晗[1] 汪睿星 Zhao Menghan;Wang Ruixing

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心、人口与健康学院 [2]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2025年第2期96-112,共17页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国人口发展:理论与战略研究”(编号:20231JY0053)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在新时代高质量发展目标的驱动下,社会对科技创新人才的需求不断增大,STEM相关专业与职业的从业者薪资水平快速提高,并引发了社会的广泛关注。文章基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,采用增长曲线模型系统考察了专业背景与职业选择对高校毕业生起薪和薪资变化轨迹的影响。研究发现,首先,专业背景影响个人的起薪,且相应影响因职业而异。在STEM职业中,STEM专业毕业生的起薪比其他专业高约14.0%;在非STEM职业中,不同专业毕业生的起薪无显著差异。其次,专业背景对薪资增长轨迹也存在显著影响。与非STEM专业相比,STEM专业毕业生的薪资随工龄增长的速度更快,在STEM职业和非STEM职业中分别快1.5%和1.0%。此外,STEM专业背景对薪资的影响也因学科而异,理学、工学和医学的相对优势更为明显。最后,职业选择对起薪的影响因专业而异。STEM专业毕业生从事STEM职业的起薪比从事非STEM职业高约21.5%,非STEM专业毕业生从事STEM职业并不会获得更高的起薪。文章的研究发现在一定程度上揭露了目前高等教育培养体系存在的问题,凸显了就业指导与职业规划的重要性。The goal of high-quality development has led to an increasing demand for STEM talents across societies,which has resulted in the rising salary of STEM graduates and workers.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies.this study implements a growth curve model to investigate the impact of professional background and occupational choice on starting salary and its growth rate.The results indicate that:(1)There are occupational differences in the effect of profession on starting salary.Among employees in STEM occupations,the starting salary of STEM graduates is about 14.0%higher than non-STEM graduates,while there is no significant difference in the starting salary of graduates from different majors among employees in non-STEM occupations.(2)Among employees in STEM or non-STEM occupations,the salary of STEM graduates tends to increase at a higher rate,by 1.5%and 1.0%,respectively.(3)The impact of STEM education on salary also varies by discipline,with the relative advantages being more pronounced in science,engineering and medicine.(4)The starting salary for STEM graduates varies by occupation,and is about 21.5% higher for those working in STEM occupations than in non-STEM occupations.In contrast,for non-STEM graduates,the group that switched to STEM occupations does not earn a higher starting salary.This study reveals some of the challenges non-STEM majors face in the current higher education training system and emphasizes the importance of career guidance and career planning.

关 键 词：STEM专业 STEM职业 工资起薪 薪资增长速度 人力资本 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] G640[文化科学—教育学]