我国3省部分农村居民5项个人卫生行为现状及影响因素研究  

A survey on current situation of five personal hygienic behaviors and its influencing factors among rural residents in three provinces of China

作　　者：柳戴 王瑛[2] 方菁[1] LIU Dai;WANG Ying;FANG Jing(Institute for Health Sciences,Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学健康研究所,云南昆明650500 [2]潍坊医学院护理学院,山东潍坊2261053

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2025年第3期195-199,211,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19XGL022)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国3省部分农村居民5项个人卫生行为现状并分析其影响因素,为提高我国农村居民健康素养提供指导。方法2021年7—12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,采用自制问卷对≥15岁农村居民的个人卫生行为进行面对面访问调查,采用χ^(2)检验和非条件Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果我国3省部分农村居民有个人牙刷牙杯、有个人喝水杯、生吃瓜果蔬菜前清洗、有个人洗脸毛巾、外出就餐时使用公筷的比例分别为94.96%、93.65%、98.48%、85.05%、31.63%。多因素分析显示:山东省农村居民比山西省(OR=3.160,95%CI:2.525~3.955)和云南省(OR=1.766,95%CI:1.423~2.191)的5项个人卫生行为较好的可能性更高,少数民族(OR=0.493,95%CI:0.375~0.648)、年龄在36~<60岁(OR=0.950,95%CI:0.757~1.192)、文化程度为小学(OR=0.758,95%CI:0.583~0.987)、初中(OR=0.442,95%CI:0.347~0.564)、高中及以上(OR=0.289,95%CI:0.213~0.390),职业为商业或服务业人员(OR=0.682,95%CI:0.541~0.861)、企事业单位及退休人员(OR=0.467,95%CI:0.330~0.661)和人均年收入≥20000元(OR=0.700,95%CI:0.527~0.931)的农村居民5项个人卫生行为较好的可能性更高。结论地区、年龄、民族、文化程度、职业和人均年收入是5项个人卫生行为的影响因素。相关部门应因地制宜有针对性地开展养成良好个人卫生行为的健康教育。Objective To examine the current situation of five personal hygienic behaviors and its influencing factors among rural residents in three provinces of China,and to provide guiding direction for the improvement of health literacy in rural residents.Methods By using a multistage random cluster sampling method and a self-made questionnaire,we conducted a face-to-face survey on the personal hygienic behaviors of rural residents aged 15 and above in three provinces of China,in July to December,2021.The influencing factors were analyzed using χ^(2) test and unconditional logistic regression.Results The proportions of rural residents having personal toothbrush set,drinking cups,washing before eating raw fruits and vegetables,having personal facecloth,and using serving chopsticks when dining with people were 94.96%,93.65%,98.48%,85.05%,31.63%,respectively.Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that rural residents in Shandong Province were more likely to have better behaviors than those in Shanxi Province(OR=3.160,95%CI:2.525-3.955)and Yunnan Province(OR=1.766,95%CI:1.423-2.191).Residents who were 36-<60 years old(OR=0.950,95%CI:0.757-1.192),ethnic minority(OR=0.493,95%CI:0.375-0.648),education level being primary school or above(OR=0.758,95%CI:0.583-0.987),working in commercial or service sector(OR=0.682,95%CI:0.541-0.861),enterprises,governmental departments and retirees(OR=0.467,95%CI:0.330-0.661),and rural residents with a per capita annual income≥20000 Yuan(OR=0.700,95%CI:0.527-0.931)were more likely to have better behaviors.Conclusion Region,age,ethnicity,educational level,occupation,and per capita annual income of the family are the influencing factors of the five personal hygienic behaviors.Departments that are responsible for health education should carry out targeted health education to cultivate good personal hygienic behaviors according to local conditions.

关 键 词：农村居民 个人卫生行为 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]