基于扎根理论研究分析育龄妇女及家属生育意愿的影响因素  

Influencing factors of fertility intention among women of childbearing age and their families based on grounded theory

作　　者：梁思雨 纪颖[2] 李怡然 赵芳红[3] 刘童童[4] 李文佳 吴洪静 李英华[4] 闫秀丽 汪璐 刘洁[6] 李洁 LIANG Si-yu;JI Ying;LI Yi-ran;ZHAO Fang-hong;LIU Tong-tong;LI Wen-jia;WU Hong-jing;LI Ying-hua;YAN Xiu-li;WANG Lu;LIU Jie;LI Jie(School of Public Health,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050017,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学公共卫生学院,河北石家庄050017 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191 [3]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013 [4]中国健康教育中心,北京100011 [5]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,北京100070 [6]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心,北京100021

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2025年第3期233-237,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：国家卫生健康委人口家庭司委托课题:公众人物参与生育友好宣传可行性研究。

摘　　要：目的了解我国育龄妇女及家属生育意愿的影响因素,为构建生育友好型社会提供参考依据。方法基于扎根理论,采用方便抽样和焦点小组访谈法选取北京、广东、陕西3个地区的37名22~59岁的育龄妇女及家属,收集数据后运用Nvivo 12 plus质性分析软件对访谈资料进行扎根处理和手动编码。结果采用自动编码的词语云和矩阵式树状结构图分析了生育意愿的高频热点方向,即生育的成本问题(孩子生育、养育、教育)、夫妻共担的生育价值观以及优生优育的政策支持;利用三级编码提炼了201个参考点,形成了46个初步范畴和14个副范畴,归纳出了4个主范畴,即政策因素(72参考点)、社会因素(40参考点)、家庭因素(52参考点)、个人因素(37参考点)。提炼出1个核心范畴,采用扎根理论构建了育龄妇女及家属的生育意愿影响因素模型。结论生育意愿受到政策、社会、个人和家庭因素的影响,需要社会多元主体协同行动,提高政策宣传、提供物质保障、生育友好氛围引导和情感支持。Objective To understand the influencing factors of fertility intention among women of childbearing age and their families in China,and to provide reference basis for building a fertility friendly society.Methods Based on grounded theory,a convenience sampling and focus group interviews were used to select 37 women of childbearing age and their families aged 22 to 59 from Beijing City,Guangdong Province,and Shaanxi Province.After collected,interview data was processed and manually coded using Nvivo12 plus qualitative analysis software.Results The high-frequency hotspots of fertility intentions were analyzed by using automatically encoded word clouds and matrix-based dendrogram structures,namely cost of childbirth(child birth,parenting,education),couple-shared fertility values,and policy support for child birth and care.201 reference points were refined by using three-level coding,forming 46 preliminary categories and 14 subcategories,and summarized into four main categories,namely policy factors(72 reference points),social factors(40 reference points),family factors(52 reference points),and personal factors(37 reference points).A core category was extracted and a model for the influencing factors of fertility intention was constructed for women of childbearing age and their families by grounded theory.Conclusion The fertility intention is influenced by policy,social,personal,and family factors,and requires coordinated action from multiple social entities to improve policy promotion,provide material support,guide the creation of a fertility-friendly atmosphere,and provide emotional support.

关 键 词：育龄妇女 生育意愿 扎根理论 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]