四川省泸州市青少年膳食模式与微量营养素摄入不足的相关性研究  

The correlation between dietary patterns and micronutrient intake deficiencies among adolescents in Luzhou City,Sichuan Province

作　　者：刘小燕 罗欢 王潇婧 张增瑞 叶运莉 LIU Xiao-yan;LUO Huan;WANG Xiao-jing;ZHANG Zeng-rui;YE Yun-li(School of Public Health,Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南医科大学公共卫生学院,四川泸州646000 [2]西南医科大学附属医院科学技术部,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2025年第3期266-270,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：泸州市科技计划项目(2022-SYF-93);西南医科大学校级课题(2022QN040)。

摘　　要：目的了解四川省泸州市青少年的膳食模式和微量营养素摄入情况,分析膳食模式与微量营养素摄入不足的关系,为更好地引导青少年合理膳食提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法对泸州市3869位中学生进行问卷调查,收集学生的基本信息、生活饮食习惯以及膳食情况等数据。运用主成分分析法提取膳食模式,应用Logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与总体微量营养素摄入不足(Overall Micronutrient Inadequacy,OMI)的关系。结果本研究提取了3种膳食模式:本地传统模式、蔬菜水果模式和速食模式,以各个模式为主的学生占比分别为33.5%,28.2%和38.3%。OMI率为17.4%,其中摄入不足率位列前3位的元素是硫胺素(54.5%)、硒(46.1%)和钙(42.7%)。以蔬菜水果模式为主的青少年OMI率(1.0%)低于本地传统模式(17.7%)和速食模式(29.3%)。多因素分析结果发现,与本地传统模式相比,蔬菜水果膳食模式发生OMI的风险更低(OR=0.047,95%CI:0.023~0.096,P<0.05),速食模式发生OMI的风险更高(OR=1.908,95%CI:1.543~2.359,P<0.05)。结论青少年OMI的发生与膳食模式相关,以蔬菜水果模式为主的风险最低,速食模式的风险最高。相关部门应加强青少年合理膳食的宣传和指导,引导以传统模式和速食模式为主的青少年增加蔬菜水果摄入,以蔬菜水果模式为主的青少年适量增加肉类的摄入以降低OMI发生的风险。Objective To understand the dietary patterns and micronutrient intake of adolescents in Luzhou City of Sichuan Province,analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and insufficient micronutrient intake,and to provide scientific basis for guiding dietary behavior in adolescents.Methods With a stratified random cluster sampling method,3869 middle school students in Luzhou City were investigated.Their basic information,life and dietary habits,and dietary situation were collected by a questionnaire.The dietary pattern was extracted by principal component analysis,and the relationship between dietary pattern and overall micronutrient inadequacy(OMI)was analyzed by logistic regression model.Results This study extracted three dietary patterns:local traditional pattern,vegetable and fruit pattern,and fast food pattern.The proportions of students with each mode as the main diet were 33.5%,28.2%,and 38.3%,respectively.The OMI rate was17.4%,with thiamine(54.5%),selenium(46.1%)and calcium(42.7%)being the top three elements.The OMI rate of adolescents with vegetable and fruit patterns(1.0%)was lower than that of traditional patterns(17.7%)and fast food patterns(29.3%).The results of multivariate analysis showed that compared with the local traditional dietary pattern,the vegetable and fruit pattern had a lower risk of OMI(OR=0.047,95%CI:0.023-0.096,P<0.05),while the fast food pattern had a higher risk of OMI(OR=1.908,95%CI:1.543-2.359,P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of OMI in adolescents was related to the dietary patterns,with the lowest risk of vegetable and fruit pattern and the highest risk of fast food pattern.Relevant departments should strengthen the publicity and guidance of adolescents on a reasonable diet,guide adolescents with traditional and fast food patterns to increase their intake of vegetables and fruits,and adolescents with vegetables and fruits to increase their meat intake in an appropriate amount to reduce the risk of insufficient micronutrient intake.

关 键 词：膳食模式 微量营养素 青少年 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]