进口竞争、创新风险与创新质量——基于单一企业和企业集团的再考察  

Import Competition,Innovation Risk and Innovation Quality:A Re-examination Based on Single Firms and Business Groups

作　　者：魏浩[1] 封起扬帆 WEI Hao;FENG Qiyangfan(Business School,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《金融研究》2024年第11期57-75,共19页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA050)的资助。

摘　　要：本文利用中国制造业企业数据和企业集团关系网络数据,研究了进口竞争对不同组织形式企业创新的影响。研究发现:(1)进口竞争对企业创新绩效的影响,因企业组织形式不同而差异明显,对单一企业的创新呈现出抑制效应,对集团附属企业的创新表现出促进效应。(2)集团附属企业创新表现较好的原因在于,企业集团不仅会利用内部市场在同行业附属企业之间策略性地配置资源、跨行业调整研发创新重心,还会调整组织结构,通过淘汰劣势企业的方式盘活内部创新资源。(3)企业集团内部存在创新分工现象,进口竞争显著促进了创新型附属企业的深化式创新和拓展式创新,但仅推动了非创新型附属企业的拓展式创新。(4)从创新质量视角看,进口竞争促进了集团附属企业的实用新型专利和外观设计专利,但同时也抑制了其发明专利。本文不仅发现了单一企业创新风险较大这一现象,还揭示了在进口竞争冲击下集团附属企业创新表现相对较好的原因,为中国统筹开放与安全、推进高质量发展提供了新的思路。While studying the issue of trade and enterprise innovation,the existing literature treats enterprises with independent legal personality as a separate sample,ignoring the fact that a large number of business groups exist.In reality,there is often a great deal of non-market behavior amongst the subsidiaries of groups with independent legal personality,and through the strategic allocation of internal resources,business groups can maximize the interests of the group as a whole,rather than those of individual subsidiaries.Currently,some literature has investigated issues such as“hollowing out”,tax avoidance and pollution transfer within enterprise groups,but there is a lack of research focusing on the performance and coping strategies of business groups in the face of external shocks.Unlike non-group affiliates,enterprise groups have unique internal labor and capital markets and are able to allocate resources on a wider scale,and therefore may have better economic performance under external shocks.In order to clarify the above issues,in this paper,we investigate the differential impact of import competition on the innovation of firms with different organizational forms by using the large-scale tariff cuts after China's WTO accession as the quasi-natural experiment.Before starting the empirical study,we first provide a theoretical framework based on the theory of‘organizational resilience'.We analyze in detail the path mechanism of business groups to cope with external shocks from three perspectives:strategic adjustment in the internal market,cross-industry diversification,and organizational restructuring of the group.Afterwards,we conducted descriptive statistics using data on Chinese manufacturing firms and hand-arranged relational networks of enterprise groups,and carried out empirical tests using the DID strategy and the event study method.The research in this paper provides some interesting findings:(1)The number of group affiliates is only about 29%of the total number of firms in the market,but contribute

关 键 词：进口竞争 企业创新 企业集团 集团附属企业 资源配置 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]