自然土壤中6:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸对蚯蚓的毒性效应  

Toxicological effects of 6:2 Cl-PFESA on earthworms in natural soil

作　　者：秦成 赵美静 路畅 王俊杰 赵丽霞 李晓晶 QIN Cheng;ZHAO Meijing;LU Chang;WANG Junjie;ZHAO Lixia;LI Xiaojing(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control,MARA/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety,Tianjin 300191,China;College of Resources and Environment Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室,天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室,天津300191 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2025年第3期815-828,共14页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3703200,2024YFD1701100);国家自然科学基金项目(42177034,41601342);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-CSGLCA-202302)。

摘　　要：为探讨6:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸(6:2 Cl-PFESA)对蚯蚓的毒性效应及其致毒分子机制,本研究采用自然土壤法,研究了不同剂量(0.1、1、10 mg·kg^(-1))6:2 Cl-PFESA暴露对蚯蚓的28 d毒性效应,并联合酶学、扩增子测序和代谢组学技术探究其致毒分子机制。结果表明,暴露28 d后6:2 Cl-PFESA在蚯蚓体内的生物富集因子(BAF_(28d))为2.43~3.81,仅在高剂量(10 mg·kg^(-1))暴露下蚯蚓存活率显著降低。在亚个体水平,不同剂量6:2 Cl-PFESA暴露均诱导蚯蚓产生氧化应激,其中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)比超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对6:2 Cl-PFESA的反应更为敏感。此外,1、10 mg·kg^(-1)暴露导致蚯蚓体内发生明显的脂质过氧化损伤和神经毒性。微生物多样性分析表明,10 mg·kg^(-1)6:2 Cl-PFESA暴露会降低蚯蚓体内益生菌属(Lactobacillus)的相对丰度,增加致病菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)的相对丰度。代谢组学分析表明,10 mg·kg^(-1)6:2 Cl-PFESA暴露导致蚯蚓体内代谢紊乱,使氨基酸/肽及其类似物、碳水化合物及其结合物等关键代谢物丰度显著上调,破坏了甘油磷脂代谢等关键代谢通路,损害了蚯蚓正常的生理功能。研究表明,经过28 d的暴露,6:2 Cl-PFESA可在蚯蚓体内发生生物富集,土壤较低剂量(0.1 mg·kg^(-1))6:2 Cl-PFESA污染即可引发蚯蚓体内氧化应激,较高剂量(1、10 mg·kg^(-1))6:2 Cl-PFESA暴露下蚯蚓体内发生明显的脂质过氧化损伤和神经毒性,10 mg·kg^(-1)6:2 Cl-PFESA暴露可导致蚯蚓体内菌群失调和代谢功能紊乱。To investigate the toxicity and molecular mechanisms of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid(6:2 Cl-PFESA)on earthworms,the 28-day toxic effects of 6:2 Cl-PFESA(0.1,1,10 mg·kg^(-1))on earthworms were investigated using the natural soil method in this study.Moreover,enzymatic assays,amplicon sequencing,and metabolomics techniques were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of toxicity.Results showed that,the bioaccumulation factors of 6:2 Cl-PFESA in earthworms ranged from 2.43 to 3.81 after 28 days of exposure,and significant reductions in survival rates were observed only at the highest concentration(10 mg·kg^(-1)).At the sub-individual level,exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA at all tested concentrations induced oxidative stress in earthworms,with catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD)showing higher sensitivity to 6:2 Cl-PFESA than superoxide dismutase(SOD).Furthermore,exposure to 1 mg·kg^(-1) and 10 mg·kg^(-1) resulted in significant lipid peroxidation damage and neurotoxicity.Microbial diversity analysis showed that exposure to 10 mg·kg^(-1)6:2 Cl-PFESA significantly reduced the relative abundance of probiotic bacteria(Lactobacillus),while increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria(Verrucomicrobiota).Metabolomics analysis showed that exposure to 10 mg·kg^(-1)6:2 Cl-PFESA mainly upregulated key metabolites such as amino acids/peptides and their analogues,carbohydrates and their conjugates,disrupting key metabolic pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism,ultimately impairing normal physiological functions of earthworms.Overall,this study indicated that after 28 days of exposure,6:2 Cl-PFESA can bioaccumulate in earthworms.Even exposure to low concentration of 6:2 Cl-PFESA in soil(0.1 mg·kg^(-1))can induce oxidative stress in earthworms.Higher concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA(1 mg·kg^(-1) and 10 mg·kg^(-1))lead to significant lipid peroxidation damage and neurotoxicity in earthworms.Exposure to 10 mg·kg^(-1)6:2 Cl-PFESA causes dysbacteriosis and metabolic dysfunction in ea

关 键 词：6:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸 自然土壤 蚯蚓 毒性 酶学 微生物多样性 代谢组学 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]