山西峙峪遗址出土动物骨骼的埋藏学  

Taphonomy of the animal remains from the Shiyu site,Shanxi

作　　者：王颖 张乐 杨石霞 张双权[1,2] WANG Ying;ZHANG Yue;YANG Shixia;ZHANG Shuangquan(Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101499;School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学,北京101499 [3]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《人类学学报》2025年第2期255-269,共15页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金重大委托项目(21@WTK001)。

摘　　要：峙峪遗址位于山西省朔州市,广义泥河湾盆地的西缘,最新的光释光和14C加速器质谱仪测年结果显示其文化层年代约为45 kaBP。本文系统观察研究了该遗址早年发掘出土的152件动物骨骼的表面痕迹及断裂状态等埋藏学特征,结果显示:1)这批动物遗存受自然营力改造程度低且保留有大量人工痕迹,因此古人类是造成峙峪遗址动物骨骼富集与改造的首要因素;2)峙峪遗址是一处临河的狩猎-屠宰场所,古人类在此对猎物进行了肢解分割及选择性搬运,充分开发利用了这些动物的营养组分;3)峙峪遗址存在一定数量的、被当作骨修饰器(bone retoucher)使用的动物肢骨碎片,但没有发现经过人工有意识打制修整的其他权宜类骨角工具;4)动物骨片上的刻划痕表明,该遗址的古人类存在一定程度的象征行为。The Shiyu site,situated on the western edge of the Nihewan basin(sensu lato)is an important Late Pleistocene archaeological location in northern China.From an extensive excavation in the last century,a substantial number of lithics,animal bones,and the traces of human fire use were unearthed,along with a limited number of modern human fossils.Recent Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry(AMS)14C dating have recalibrated the cultural layer to approximately 44.6±1.2 kaBP.The presence of artifacts with some characteristics of the Initial Upper Paleolithic(IUP)assemblage positions Shiyu as a crucial site for understanding early modern human activities in Northeast Asia.In this study,152 faunal bone fragments curated at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP)were analyzed from a perspective of vertebrate taphonomy,including age profile assessment,skeletal elements frequency quantification,bone breakage pattern analysis and bone surface modification observation.The objective of this study is to evaluate and discuss the subsistence strategies employed by Shiyu hominins in their exploitation of animal resources.Given the limited sample size,the following tentative conclusions were derived from this research.Most notably,bone surface modifications revealed a relatively high intensity of human activity,evidenced by a significant frequency of human-inflict damages on bones,including cut marks,percussion marks,and percussion notches.In contrast,natural modifications such as carnivore or rodent tooth marks,sedimentary abrasions,and polish were minimal.Even when considering the potential biases in specimen selection,the evidence strongly supported that humans were the predominate agent of bone accumulation and modification at the site.Furthermore,both bone surface modifications and skeletal elements frequency implied that foragers were most probably engaged in primary butchery of animal carcasses at the site,and subsequently transported selected skeletal elements t

关 键 词：峙峪遗址 动物考古学 埋藏学 权宜骨器 旧石器时代晚期 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]