盐辅助水热法制备硬炭材料及其储钠性能  

Hard carbons prepared by a salt-assisted hydrothermal method as anodes for the sodium-ion battery

作　　者：刘朔 周威[1] 宋雪旦 于畅[1] 邱介山 LIU Shuo;ZHOU Wei;SONG Xue-dan;YU Chang;QIU Jie-shan(State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering,Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials,School of Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;School of Chemistry,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学化工学院,精细化工国家重点实验室,辽宁省能源材料化工重点实验室,智能材料化工前沿科学中心,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学化学学院,辽宁大连116024 [3]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《新型炭材料(中英文)》2025年第2期354-362,共9页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4101602);国家自然科学基金项目(22478065,U24B20198)。

摘　　要：硬炭凭借较高的储钠容量、低电压平台以及优异的循环稳定性成为了钠离子电池(SIBs)最具应用潜力的负极材料。硬炭材料的微观孔隙结构是影响其储钠性能的关键因素之一,合理调控硬炭材料的孔隙结构大小及分布对提升钠离子电池性能至关重要。本文以β-环糊精为碳源,采用NaCl辅助水热法制备了一系列具有不同微观孔隙结构的硬炭材料,考察了NaCl浓度对硬炭微观孔隙结构的影响,研究了硬炭材料的储纳性能。采用非原位X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪及高倍率透射电镜等进行表征,结果表明,调控NaCl浓度能够优化硬炭材料的孔隙结构,提升硬炭材料闭孔体积。当NaCl浓度为2mol L^(-1)时,制备的硬炭材料(CD-2)的无序程度与石墨微晶尺寸最大,具有最大的闭孔体积与梯度孔隙结构。电化学测试表明,在0.02Ag^(-1)的电流密度下,CD-2硬炭材料具有360 mA hg^(-1)的高储钠比容量及90.2%的首次库伦效率。提出的NaCl辅助水热炭化调控硬炭闭孔结构的策略,为硬炭材料孔隙结构的合理设计提供了有效的技术方法,指导了高性能SIBs硬炭负极材料的开发。Hard carbons,with a high sodium storage capacity,low voltage plateau,and excellent cycling stability,have emerged as one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.Because their pore structure has a significant impact on their sodium storage performance,its control is key for improving the battery performance.We usedβ-cyclodextrin as the carbon source to prepare various hard carbon materials with different micropore structures using a sodium chloride-assisted hydrothermal carbonization strategy,and studied their performance as a function of the sodium chloride concentration.Characterization using XRD,Raman spectroscopy,and high-resolution TEM indicated that changing the sodium chloride concentration changed the pore structure and the closed pore volume.Given the sodium chloride concentration was 2 mol L^(-1),the hard carbon material(CD-2)had the highest degree of disorder and the largest graphite microcrystals,as well as the largest closed pore volume together with a gradient pore structure.Electrochemical tests indicate that CD-2 had a high specific capacity of 360 mAh g^(-1) and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 90.2%at 0.02 A g^(-1).This simple carbonization technique provides an effective way for controlling the closed pore structure in hard carbon materials,thus improving the battery performance.

关 键 词：硬炭 钠离子电池 负极 Β-环糊精 水热法 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]