不同水肥模式对洱海流域冬季马铃薯产量和品质的影响  

Effect of irrigation and fertilization on yield and tube r quality of winter potato in Erhai Lake basin

作　　者：陈志影 张刘东 陈丽红 杨文杰 胡毅 CHEN Zhiying;ZHANG Liudong;CHEN Lihong;YANG Wenjie;HU Yi(College of Water Conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学水利学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第4期36-46,共11页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：云南省科技厅重大科技专项(202202AE090034);云南省农业联合专项(202301BD070001-099);云南省高层次人才培养支持计划项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-168)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究洱海流域全覆膜条件下不同灌水量、肥料基追比对云南冬季马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响,为合理的基追比、水资源高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】通过膜下滴灌对冬季马铃薯的块茎膨大期进行滴灌追肥,试验土壤水分设置2个梯度:W1(80%FC(田间持水率)~100%FC);W2(64%FC~80%FC),基追比设置2个梯度:T1(1∶1);T2(2∶1),以及对照组(CK)不灌溉不追肥,共5个处理。探究了滴灌追肥处理在各个生育时期内对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。【结果】在块茎膨大期,灌水量对根长、叶面积指数和干物质积累量均有显著影响(p<0.05);肥料基追比对根长和叶面积指数均有显著影响(p<0.05)。T1W1处理下的出苗率、叶面积指数、产量、单垄大薯质量及干物质积累量均高于其他处理。T1W1处理下的产量为46 657.70 kg/hm^(2),比其他处理提高了7.59%~22.15%,灌水量、肥料基追比的不同均对马铃薯的产量影响显著(p<0.05)。T2W1处理次之,为43 367.20kg/hm^(2)。T1W1处理下淀粉量最高,为149.87 mg/g(按鲜质量计);还原糖量最低,为425.39μg/g(按鲜质量计)。马铃薯产量与单垄大薯质量的关联程度最高,且与其呈极显著正相关关系。【结论】从马铃薯的生长状况、产量高低以及品质优劣等方面综合考虑,T1W1处理(基追比1∶1,灌水量80%FC~100%FC)为基于本试验条件下较为适宜的滴灌追肥组合。【Objective】The growth of winter potatoes in Yunnan Province requires both irrigation and fertilization.This study examines the effects of irrigation amount and base-to-topdressing fertilization ratio on the growth,yield,and tuber quality of potatoes grown under fu ll mulch conditions in the Erhai Lake basin.【Method】A field experiment was conducted with two irrigation treatments,by maintaining the soil water content in the root zone at 80%-100%of field capacity(W1)and 64%-80%of field capacity(W2).Each irrigat ion t reatment had two fertilizations with the fertilizers divided between base fertilization and topdressing at ratios of 1∶1(T1)and 2∶1(T2).The control treatment did not receive irrigation and fertilization.During the experiment,plant growth traits,yield,and tuber quality were measured.【Result】During the tuber expansion stage,irrigation significantly influenced root length,leaf area index(LAI),and dry matter accumulation(p<0.05).The base-to-topdressing fertilization ratio also had a significant effect on root length and LAI(p<0.05).The T1 W1 combination resulted in the highest seedling emergence rate,LAI,yield,large tuber mass per ridge,and dry matter accumulation,pr oducing a tuber yield of 46657.70 kg/hm 2,7.59%to 22.15%highe r than other treatments.The T2 W1 combination yielded 43367.20 kg/hm^(2),ranking second.Both irrigation and the base-to-topdressing fertilization ratio significantly affected tuber yield(p<0.05).The T1 W1 combination also resulted in the highest starch content(149.87 mg/g fresh mass)and the lowest reducing sugar content(425.39μg/g fresh mass).Tuber yield was positively correlated with both quality and the proportion of large tubers in t he planting rows.【Conclusion】Considering growth,y ield,and tuber quality,the T1 W1 combination is optimal for winter potato production in the study area and similar regions with comparable soil and environmental conditions.

关 键 词：灌水量 肥料基追比 马铃薯 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]