中国三市学校课桌椅匹配与学生舒适度调查  

Compatibility and comfort assessment of school desks and chairs in three cities in China

作　　者：徐涛 罗春燕[2] 刘忠慧[3] 王艳[4] 杨东玲[2] 曲爽笑 齐文娟 黄生垒 郑柯炀 张凤云 XU Tao;LUO Chunyan;LIU Zhonghui;WANG Yan;YANG Dongling;QU Shuangxiao;QI Wenjuan;HUANG Shenglei;ZHENG Keyang;ZHANG Fengyun(Educational Technology Equipment Center of Shanghai Education Committee,Shanghai(200070),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市教育委员会教育技术装备中心,200070 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所 [3]天津市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与公共卫生所 [4]江苏省疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康促进所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第3期321-324,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：上海市第六轮公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.I.1-30);国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生人才培养项目(2023—2025)。

摘　　要：目的了解不同学段学生对于相匹配型号课桌椅的主观和客观舒适度评价,为课桌椅规范配备和使用提供参考。方法2024年1—4月,采取整群随机抽样方法从上海市、天津市和江苏省无锡市13个区(县/市)26所学校抽取2446名学生进行调查,包括幼儿园、小学、初中、高中和高等院校各年级在校学生。采用标准化程序对研究对象进行身高和体重测量,根据身高选择匹配的课桌椅型号,调查学生的主观舒适度,利用自编问卷对学生客观舒适度进行评估。采用χ^(2)检验分析不同类型课桌椅主观和客观舒适度评价差异。结果84.1%的学生主观认为与其身高匹配的较大尺寸型号课桌搭配较小尺寸型号课椅(大桌小椅)非常舒适或较为舒适,其次是与其身高匹配的较大尺寸型号课桌椅(大桌大椅,75.7%),在3种类型中报告率最低为与其身高匹配的较小尺寸型号课桌椅(小桌小椅,46.2%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=722.46,P<0.01)。小学、初中、高中学生对大桌小椅主观认为非常舒适/较为舒适的报告率高于对其他类型课桌椅的评价,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为297.49,252.82,343.67,P值均<0.01);幼儿园儿童对与其相匹配的各类型课桌椅主观舒适度评价差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.21,P>0.05),66.3%的高等院校学生使用与其相匹配的标准课桌椅自我感觉为非常舒适/较为舒适。对3种类型课桌椅舒适度客观评估结果与主观评价相符合,但客观评估为非常舒适/较为舒适报告率均高于主观评价(χ^(2)=20.76~813.47,P值均<0.01)。结论学生对与其相匹配的大桌大椅以及大桌小椅的主观舒适度更佳,对于小桌小椅的舒适度评价较差。可按照“标准”匹配与其相适合的大桌大椅或大桌小椅,以促进学生身心健康。Objective To understand the subjective and objective comfort evaluations of students from different age groups on desks and chairs,so as to provide reference for standardized allocation and use of desks and chairs.Methods From January to April 2024,a total of 2446 students were selected from 26 schools in 13 districts(counties/cities)in Shanghai,Tianjin,and Wuxi from Jiangsu Province by using cluster random method,including students in kindergartens,primary schools,junior high schools,senior high schools,colleges and universities.Standardized procedures were used to measure the height and weight of participants,and the matching desks and chairs models were selected according to the height.The subjective comfort of students on matching desks and chairs was investigated,and their objective comfort was evaluated by using a self-designed questionnaire.Theχ^(2)test was used to analyze the differences of subjective perception and objective evaluation in comfort between different types of desks and chairs.Results About 84.1%of the students subjectively thought that large desks and small chairs were very comfortable or relatively comfortable,followed by large desks and chairs(75.7%),and the proportion of small desks and chairs was the lowest among the three types(46.2%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=722.46,P<0.01).The reporting rates of primary school,junior high school and senior high school students who subjectively considered large desks and chairs to be very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of other types of desks and chairs,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=297.49,252.82,343.67,P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference in the subjective comfort evaluation of different types of desks and chairs among kindergarten children(χ^(2)=3.21,P>0.05),and 66.3%of the students in colleges and universities felt very comfortable/relatively comfortable when they used the matching standard desks and chairs.The objective evaluation results of the co

关 键 词：课桌椅 匹配 舒适度 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G478[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G481[文化科学—教育学]