不同体型学生学校课桌椅舒适度研究  

Comfort assessment of school desks and chairs ergonomics among students with different body types

作　　者：郑柯炀 罗春燕[1] 曲爽笑 刘忠慧[2] 王艳[3] 齐文娟 黄生垒 杨东玲[1] 张凤云 ZHENG Keyang;LUO Chunyan;QU Shuangxiao;LIU Zhonghui;WANG Yan;QI Wenjuan;HUANG Shenglei;YANG Dongling;ZHANG Fengyun(Division of Child and Adolescent Health,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai(200336),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所,200336 [2]天津市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与公共卫生所 [3]江苏省疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康促进所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第3期325-329,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：上海市第六轮公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-31);国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生人才培养支持项目(2023-2025)。

摘　　要：目的了解不同体型学生按照标准匹配课桌椅舒适度的差异性,为指导超重肥胖学生选择合适的课桌椅以及相关标准修订提供参考。方法2024年1—4月,采用整群随机抽样方法选取上海市、天津市和江苏省13个区(县市)26所学校2443名幼儿园至大学的学生,对学生进行体格检查,根据其身高匹配课桌椅型号调查舒适度的主观和客观评价。根据相关标准划分为非超重肥胖、超重和肥胖组后进行分层分析。采用χ^(2)检验分析不同体型研究对象对于课桌椅主客观舒适度评价之间的差异。结果调查学生中,有16.7%为超重,12.6%为肥胖。所有学生主观认为与其身高匹配的较大尺寸型号课桌搭配较小尺寸型号课椅(大桌小椅)舒适的报告率最高(84.1%),主观评价与客观评估的结果一致。肥胖组学生主观认为与其身高匹配的较小尺寸型号课桌椅(小桌小椅)舒适的报告率(36.8%)低于超重组和非超重肥胖组(52.1%,48.0%)(χ^(2)=14.63,P<0.01)。小学生中超重肥胖组对大桌大椅和小桌小椅舒适度评价较非超重肥胖组更差(χ^(2)值分别为15.78,7.63,P值均<0.05)。高中生中超重肥胖组对大桌大椅和大桌小椅舒适度评价较非超重肥胖组更差(χ^(2)值分别为9.62,11.77,P值均<0.05)。客观评价中,不同课桌椅类型,小桌小椅搭配的大腿与小腿是否自然成>90°角(55.6%)及桌下净空高是否合适(50.3%)达标率较低(χ^(2)值分别为94.05,166.47,P值均<0.05)。结论与非超重肥胖学生相比,超重和肥胖学生对与身高匹配的课桌椅型号的舒适度评价较差。标准修订中应考虑学生体型因素,提高超重肥胖学生对课桌椅舒适度的评价。Objective To investigate the differences in the comfort of desks and chairs furniture among students with different body types according to the standard,so as to provide a reference for guiding students with overweight and obesity to choose the correct study furniture and revising the standards.Methods From January to April 2024,2443 students from 26 schools in 13 districts(counties/cities)in Shanghai,Tianjin,and Jiangsu Province were selected by the cluster random sampling method to conduct physical examination.The subjective and objective evaluations of the comfort of height-matched desks and chairs were investigated.The students were divided into non-overweight,overweight,and obesity groups according to relevant criteria,and stratified analysis was performed.Theχ^(2)test was used to analyze differences in the comfort evaluations of desks and chairs among students with different body types.Results Among the 2443 students surveyed,16.7%and 12.6%were respectively classified as overweight and obese.All students assigned the highest comfort ratings to large desks and small chairs(84.1%),and consistency was observed between students'subjective and objective evaluations.The reporting rate of samll desks and chairs of obesity students'subjective evaluation was lower(36.8%)than that of overweight and non-overweight/obesity students(52.1%,48.0%)(χ^(2)=14.63,P<0.01).The overweight and obese group of primary school students had a worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs and small desks and chairs than those of the non-overweight and obese groups(χ^(2)=15.78,7.63,P<0.05).Among high school students,the overweight and obese group had worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs,as well as large desks and small chairs,than those of the non-overweight and obese groups(χ^(2)=9.62,11.77,P<0.05).The objective evaluations revealed low compliance ratings on the posture of the thighs and calves for naturally forming an angle greater than 90°(55.6%),and headroom height under the table(50.3%)with sma

关 键 词：超重 肥胖症 课桌椅 舒适度 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R723.14[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G478[文化科学—教育学] G481[文化科学—教育技术学]