留守经历对中等职业学校学生心理健康影响的倾向匹配得分分析  

Propensity score matching analysis of the impact of left behind experience on the mental health of secondary vocational school students

作　　者：周全湘 佘福强[1] 万雁[1] 何学华[1] 杨敬源 曹显明[1] 许向阳[1] ZHOU Quanxiang;SHE Fuqiang;WAN Yan;HE Xuehua;YANG Jingyuan;CAO Xianming;XU Xiangyang(Department of Medicine,Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities,Duyun(558000),Guizhou Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]黔南民族医学高等专科学校医学系,贵州都匀558000 [2]贵州医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第3期353-357,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：2019年贵州省教育科学规划课题(2019C040);2020年贵州省教育科学规划课题(2020C008);民族地区健康乡村建设科研创新团队项目(QNYZ2024005)。

摘　　要：目的了解留守经历对中等职业学校(以下简称“中职”)学生心理健康的影响,以期为中职学生心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法2019年9—12月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,在黔南地区都匀市、贵定县和平塘县共抽取3401名中职学生,采用自行设计问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行一般情况和心理健康状况调查,采用倾向匹配得分法(PSM)匹配是否有留守经历学生各1415名,并对数据进行Wilcoxon检验及Logistic回归分析。结果倾向得分匹配前,家庭结构、母亲文化程度、家庭居住地、家庭和睦情况及子女过去健康状况在是否有留守经历的学生间分布差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为28.17,52.40,96.31,29.75,19.10,P值均<0.05);匹配后,以上变量在两者间分布差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.02~4.32,P值均>0.05)。倾向得分匹配前,有无留守经历的中职学生在SCL-90中躯体化(1.67,1.58)、人际关系敏感(2.00,1.89)、焦虑(1.90,1.70)、强迫症状(2.20,2.10)、抑郁(2.00,1.85)、敌对(1.83,1.67)、恐怖(1.85,1.71)、偏执(1.83,1.67)、精神病性(1.70,1.60)、其他(1.85,1.71)10个维度得分中位数差异均有统计学意义(Z=-5.15~-2.84,P值均<0.05)。倾向得分匹配后,有无留守经历中职生仅在SCL-90中人际关系敏感[(2.00(1.56,2.67),2.00(1.44,2.56)]、偏执[1.83(1.33,2.50),1.83(1.33,2.33)]、精神病性[1.70(1.30,2.30),1.70(1.20,2.20)]3个维度得分中位数差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.45,-2.12,-2.23,P值均<0.05)。结论留守经历对中职学生心理健康的影响主要在人际关系敏感、偏执、精神病性等方面,应将其作为留守经历中职学生心理教育的重点领域。Objective To understand the impact of left behind experience on the mental health of secondary vocational school students,so as to provide theoretical basis for the psychological health education of secondary vocational school students.Methods From September to December in 2019,a total of 3401 students from Duyun,Guiding and Pingtang County were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method.Self-designed questionnaire and Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90)were used to investigate mental health status.A total of 1415 left behind students and 1415 non left behind students were matched by using propensity score matching(PSM).Wilcoxon test and Logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results Before the matching of propensity score,there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of family structure,mother's educational level,family residence,family harmony and children's past health among the students with or without left behind experience(χ^(2)=28.17,52.40,96.31,29.75,19.10,P<0.05).After the matching,there were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the above variables among the students with or without left-behind experience(χ^(2)=0.02-4.32,P>0.05).Before the matching of propensity scores,there were significant differences in the scores of 10 dimensions of SCL-90,including somatization(1.67,1.58),interpersonal sensitivity(2.00,1.89),anxiety(1.90,1.70),obsessive-compulsive symptoms(2.20,2.10),depression(2.00,1.85),hostility(1.83,1.67),terror(1.85,1.71),paranoia(1.83,1.67),psychotic(1.70,1.60)and other(1.85,1.71)dimensions among secondary vocational school students with or without left behind experience(Z=-5.15 to-2.84,P<0.05).After propensity score matching,there were significant differences in scores remained only in three factors for interpersonal sensitivity[(2.00(1.56,2.67),2.00(1.44,2.56)],paranoia[1.83(1.33,2.50),1.83(1.33,2.33)]and psychoticism[1.70(1.30,2.30),1.70(1.20,2.20)]in SCL-90 among secondary vocational students with or without left behind experie

关 键 词：精神卫生 倾向评分分配 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：G179[文化科学] G78[哲学宗教—心理学] G444[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]