食品添加剂HMOs体外合成研究进展  

Research Progress on in Vitro Synthesis of HMOs Used as Food Additives

作　　者：柳咏琪 荣永恒 吕琳 陈婧彤 陈敏[1] LIU Yongqi;RONG Yongheng;LV Lin;CHEN Jingtong;CHEN Min(State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266000,China;School of Life Science,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China;School of Life Sciences,Shandong University,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学微生物改造技术国家重点实验室,青岛266000 [2]山东师范大学生命科学学院,济南250358 [3]山东大学生命科学学院,青岛266000

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2025年第2期127-136,共10页China Biotechnology

基　　金：山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2024A04)资助项目。

摘　　要：母乳寡糖(HMOs)结构复杂,迄今为止已鉴定出超200种不同的结构,其中有6种研究较为充分:2′-岩藻糖基乳糖(2′-FL)、3-岩藻糖基乳糖(3-FL)、乳糖-N-四糖(LNT)、乳糖-N-新四糖(LNnT)、6′-唾液酸乳糖(6′-SL)和3′-唾液酸乳糖(3′-SL)。这些HMOs的营养必要性和安全性得到了广泛认可,作为食品安全成分已在欧美等地获批上市。然而,大多数HMOs是母乳独有的,难以分离,有限的可用性极大阻碍了它们在食品和医疗领域的使用。迄今已有多种提取或合成HMOs的方法被报道,其中化学合成法步骤多、产率低、立体选择性差;全细胞合成法也面临着来自成本、生产效率和安全性等诸多挑战;而生物酶法合成具有不使用有毒试剂、方便大规模生产,应用酶级联催化及酶固定化合成方法降低生产成本、提高产量等优势,被用来合成多种HMOs。对含量高、产量高及被明确认可作为食品添加剂HMOs的生物酶法合成进行总结,并指出生物合成手段的优势与不足,展望其未来的发展方向。目前,实验室规模的HMOs合成与工业规模生产之间仍存在差距,但随着计算机技术、分子生物学等领域的快速发展,生物酶法合成HMOs的前景广阔。There are more than 200 different HMOs,of which 6 HMOs are well studied,including 2'-fucosyllactose(2'-FL),3-fucosyllactose(3-FL),lacto-N-tetraose(LNT),lacto-N-neotetraose(LNnT),α-2,6-sialyllactose(6'-SL)andα-2,3-sialyllactose(3'-SL),which have been approved as food safety ingredients in Europe and America,and their nutritional necessity and safety are widely recognized.However,most HMOs are unique to breast milk and are difficult to separate.The limited availability of HMOs hinders their use in the food and medical applications.So far,there have been many methods to extract or synthesize HMOs,among which the chemical method has many steps and low yield,and needs to use various organic reagents,causing environmental pollution.Whole-cell synthesis method also faces many challenges related to cost,production efficiency and safety.This paper summarizes the in vitro enzymatic synthesis of HMOs,which are clearly recognized as safe components added to food,points out the advantages and disadvantages of biosynthetic means,and discusses the future direction of its development.Currently,there is still a gap between laboratory-scale synthesis of HMOs and cost-effective industrial-scale production.Despite the challenges in this field,with the rapid development of computer technology,molecular biology,chemistry and other fields,the biological enzyme synthesis of HMOs has promising prospects.

关 键 词：母乳寡糖 体外合成 食品添加剂 

分 类 号：Q591.4[生物学—生物化学]