学龄儿童体质健康水平与屈光能力及眼生物学参数的关系  

The associations between physical health status,refraction and ocular biometrics in school-age children

作　　者：李良[1] 李飞鱼 张斌[1] 王梦蝶 杨青 徐建方[1] Li Liang;Li Feiyu;Zhang Bin;Wang Mengdie;Yang Qing;Xu Jianfang(China Institute of Sports Science,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2025年第2期103-112,共10页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本24-01)。

摘　　要：目的:探究学龄儿童体质健康水平与屈光能力及眼生物学参数的关系,进一步明晰生长发育与眼睛屈光状态之间的变化规律,为完善近视防控措施提供科学依据。方法:以1718名8~12岁学龄儿童(男生977人,女生741人)为研究对象。首先,对所有儿童进行左右眼裸眼视力、屈光度、眼生物学参数检测,指标包括球镜度数、柱镜度数、眼轴长度(axial length,AL)、角膜屈光力(K1、K2)及前房深度(anterior chamber depth,ACD),等效球镜度数(spherical equivalent refraction,SER)和轴率比[AL/角膜曲率半径(cornea curve radius,CR)]由相应数据计算得出;其次,对所有儿童进行身体形态(身高、体重)和身体素质(速度、力量、柔韧、灵敏和耐力素质)测评。通过Pearson相关、One-way ANOVA及多元线性回归模型等方法对数据进行统计分析。结果:整体筛查性近视率为43.83%,女生高于男生(46.96%vs.41.45%)。学龄儿童身高、体重均与SER呈负相关(P<0.01),与AL、ACD和AL/CR呈正相关(P<0.01);在多元线性回归模型中控制年龄和性别变量后发现,身高每增加10 cm,SER下降0.013 D(P<0.01),AL伸长0.022 mm(P<0.01),ACD加深0.002 mm(P<0.05),而体重每增长10 kg,AL(+0.009 mm,P<0.05)和ACD(+0.002mm,P<0.05)也会随之增加。速度、力量、灵敏素质与SER呈负相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),与AL、ACD和AL/CR呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),而最大摄氧量水平与SER呈正相关(P<0.01),与AL、ACD和AL/CR呈负相关(P<0.01,P<0.05);在多元线性回归模型中控制年龄和性别变量后发现,速度素质越差的儿童其AL越短(-0.043 D,P<0.05);灵敏素质越高,SER越差(-0.003 D,P<0.01),且AL(+0.002 mm,P<0.05)、ACD(+4.812e-4mm,P<0.05)、AL/CR(+2.446e-4,P<0.05)均随之递增。结论:在控制年龄和性别变量后,8~12岁学龄儿童的身高、体重以及速度、灵敏素质的发展与眼睛屈光状态之间存在高度相关,人体可能存在一种协同机制来调控儿童早期身体形态、身体素质和眼睛的Objective To investigate the associations between physical health status,refraction and ocular biometrics in school-age children,and further clarify the relation of eyes’refractive status to physical growth and development,so as to provide scientific evidences for myopia prevention and control.MethodsA total of 1718 children(977 boys and 741 girls)aged 8-12 years were enrolled in this study.They were collected uncorrected visual acuity,refraction and ocular biometrics,including spherical equivalent,cylindrical equivalent,axial length(AL),corneal refraction(K1,K2)and anterior chamber depth(ACD),as well as the AL/CR ratio and spherical equivalent refraction(SER).Moreover,their height,weight and physical fitness level were measured,including speed,strength,flexibility,agility and aerobic endurance.Then all data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation,One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression model.ResultsThe overall prevalence of myopia was 43.83%,which was higher in girls than in boys(46.96%vs.41.45%).Moreover,the height and weight of school-age children were negatively correlated with SER(P<0.01),but positively correlated with AL,ACD and AL/CR(P<0.01).After controlling the age and gender variables in the multiple linear regression model,it was found that for 10-cm increase in height,SER decreased by 0.013 D(P<0.01),AL extended by 0.022 mm(P<0.01),and ACD increased by 0.002 mm(P<0.05).In addition,for 10-kg increase in the body weight,the AL would be 0.009 mm longer(P<0.05)and ACD 0.002 mm deeper(P<0.05).Moreover,the speed,strength and agility were negatively correlated with SER(P<0.01,P<0.05),but positively correlated with AL,ACD and AL/CR(P<0.01,P<0.05).The maximal oxygen uptake level was positively correlated with SER(P<0.01),and negatively correlated with AL,ACD and AL/CR(P<0.01,P<0.05).After controlling the age and gender variables in the multiple linear regression model,it was found that the children with worse speed quality had shorter AL(-0.043 D,P<0.05).Meanwhile,the better agility was accompanied

关 键 词：学龄儿童 身体形态 身体素质 屈光能力 眼生物学参数 

分 类 号：R778[医药卫生—眼科] R778.1[医药卫生—临床医学]