聚苯乙烯纳米微塑料与镉复合毒性对水稻发芽及代谢的影响  

Combined Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics and Cadmium on Germination and Metabolism of Rice

作　　者：周靖云 李慧 张景茹 苏海磊[1] 王凡凡 季宁宁 卢欢亮 刘雪松 魏源[1] ZHOU Jingyun;LI Hui;ZHANG Jingru;SU Hailei;WANG Fanfan;JI Ningning;LU Huanliang;LIU Xuesong;WEI Yuan(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,541006,China;Laboratory of New Pollutants Risk Assessment and Control,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences,Guangzhou,510055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准标准与风险管控全国重点实验室,北京100012 [2]桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院,广西桂林541006 [3]广东省环境科学研究院,新污染物风险评估与管控实验室,广东广州510055

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第4期862-871,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：浙江省领雁研发攻关计划项目(No.2024C03230)。

摘　　要：近年来,微塑料作为一种新污染物受到人们广泛关注。环境中的微塑料常常与传统污染物形成复合暴露,进而影响二者的环境效应。本研究探讨了暴露浓度为10~500 mg/L的聚苯乙烯纳米微塑料(Polystyrene nanoplastics,PSNPs)单一污染以及PSNPs浓度为100 mg/L和镉(Cd)浓度为30 mg/L的复合污染对水稻种子(Oryza sativa L.)萌发及代谢的影响。结果表明:①PSNPs在10~500 mg/L范围内对水稻种子发芽率(GR)无显著影响(全暴露浓度范围内GR>85%),但能积累在发芽后的种子、根和芽中,且根部PSNPs积累量是其他部位的数十倍。②与对照组相比,PSNPs暴露使得水稻根和芽的干质量降低50%,但对根长和芽长的影响较小。③复合暴露实验显示,复合暴露组的根长和芽长显著高于Cd暴露组,这是因为PSNPs能通过吸附作用降低Cd的植物毒性。④代谢组学分析揭示,Cd单一暴露(Cd组)、PSNPs单一暴露组(PSNPs组)及复合暴露组(CT组)均显著影响水稻种子发芽的代谢通路。⑤Cd主要影响糖代谢、氨基酸代谢及黄酮类物质合成;PSNPs影响氨基酸代谢;复合污染涉及更复杂的糖代谢、脂质代谢及核黄素代谢。⑥PSNPs的加入可增强糖酵解途径、调节渗透压,进而缓解Cd产生的氧化应激。研究显示,PSNPs单独暴露对水稻种子发芽影响较小,但其与Cd复合污染可通过代谢调控机制缓解Cd毒性,这可为植物应对复合污染的机制研究提供新视角。In recent years,microplastics have garnered widespread attention as emerging environmental contaminants.In natural environments,microplastics often coexist with traditional pollutants,forming combined exposure scenarios that can alter their environmental impacts.This study investigates the effects of single exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics(PSNPs)at concentrations ranging from 10 mg/L to 500 mg/L,as well as combined exposure to PSNPs(100 mg/L)and cadmium(Cd)(30 mg/L),on the germination and metabolism of rice seeds(Oryza sativa L.).The key findings are as follows:(1)PSNPs at concentrations of 10–500 mg/L showed no significant inhibitory effect on seed germination rate(GR>85%across all test concentration range),but demonstrated substantial accumulation in seeds,roots,and shoots,with root PSNP concentrations being orders of magnitude higher than those in other tissues.(2)Compared to the control group,PSNP exposure reduced the dry biomass of roots and shoots by 50%,while exhibiting minimal effects on root and shoot length.(3)Combined exposure experiments revealed that the root and shoot lengths in the co-exposure group were significantly greater than those in the Cd-alone group,suggesting that PSNPs mitigate Cd phytotoxicity through adsorption mechanisms.(4)Metabolomic analysis showed that both single exposure(Cd group,PSNPs group)and combined exposure(CT group)all significantly changed metabolic pathways during rice germination.(5)Cd primarily disrupted carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and flavonoid biosynthesis,while PSNPs predominantly affected amino acid metabolism.The combined contamination resulted in more complex metabolic perturbations,including carbohydrate metabolism,lipid metabolism,and riboflavin metabolism.(6)The addition of PSNPs enhanced glycolytic pathways and osmotic regulation,thereby alleviating Cd-induced oxidative stress.This study demonstrates that while PSNPs alone have limited impacts on rice germination,their co-exposure with Cd mitigates Cd toxicity through metabolic regula

关 键 词：聚苯乙烯纳米微塑料(PSNPs) 镉(CD) 复合效应 水稻种子 代谢组学 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]