推免制度识别拔尖创新人才的供需特征与比较优势  

The Supply and Demand Characteristics and Comparative Advantages in Identifying Top-Notch Innovative Talents through the Recommendation Exemption System

作　　者：蒋帆 黄露菡 JIANG Fan;HUANG Luhan(School of Politics and Public Adnin istration,South China Normal Unitersiy,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China;College of Education,2hejiang Unirersity,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院,广东广州510006 [2]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2025年第2期54-64,共11页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：2024年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“高等教育规模、结构、质量要素协同促进经济与社会高质量发展研究”[24JZD015];中国博士后科学基金第76批面上资助项目[2024M760982];广东省社科规划2024年度学科共建项目“粤港澳合作办学高校的专业设置逻辑及政策改进研究”[GD24XJY29]。

摘　　要：推免制度在高校挖掘和吸引拔尖创新人才中发挥着重要的牵引作用,明确“入口端”的硕士生是否具备拔尖创新素养,是新时代高校推免制度的筛选责任所在。运用文本分析法,以37所“双一流”院校的97个制度文本为分析对象,意在探讨推免制度运行中的供需高校协作策略以及不同类型高校人才识别行动背后的逻辑。在供需特征上,供给方高校的基本要求聚焦在候选人的个性品德、学业成绩、科研能力、社会实践和英语成绩等,指标细致、刚性、平稳;需求方高校采取培养目标、培养优势、程序管理和机制保障等吸引措施,指标笼统、软性、浮动。在比较优势上,综合型大学努力在“宽严相济”中追求卓越,多科型大学通过“借力打力”吸引特长型学生,单科型大学采取“撒胡椒面”式平衡筛选的策略。为了更好地发挥推免制度在挖掘拔尖创新人才方面的效果,需要提高推免高校所需匹配度,从而最大化发挥精准识别功能;去除唯指标的评价导向,完善立德树人的创新素养评估机制;立足院校特点与优势,构建具有“校本”特色的拔尖创新人才多元筛选模式。The recommendation exemption system plays an important traction role in identifying and attracting top-notch innovative talents in universities.Determining whether master's candidates possess the requisite innovative qualities at the“entry point”represents a crucial screening responsibility under the modern exemption recommendation system.This study employs textual analysis,examining the practices of 37“Double First-Class”universities across 97 policy texts,to explore the collaborative strategies between supply and demand universities in the operationalization of the exemption recommendation system,as well as the underlying logic of talent identification actions at different types of universities.In terms of supply-demand characteristics,supply-side universities focus on detailed,rigid,and stable criteria including candidates'personal virtues,academic achievements,research capabilities,social practices,and English proficiency;demand-side universities employ more general,flexible,and dynamic criteria such as training objectives,strengths,program management,and mechanism guarantees.Regarding comparative advantages,comprehensive universities strive for excellence through a balance of rigor and leniency,multi-disciplinary universities aim to attract students with special talents by leveraging strengths,and single-discipline universities adopt a“scattergun”approach to balanced selection.To enhance the effectiveness of the recommendation exemption system in mining top-notch innovative talents,an increased alignment of high-quality talent indicators between supply and demand universities is necessary to maximize precise identification capabilities;the evaluation orientation focused solely on indicators should be eliminated to improve the innovative quality assessment mechanisms within the context of moral education;and,building on traditional strengths,universities should develop a“school-based”characteristic model for the diverse selection of top-notch innovative talents.

关 键 词：推免制度 拔尖创新人才 人才识别 供需匹配 选拔标准 

分 类 号：G647.3[文化科学—高等教育学]