大学生学业内卷感知的测量及检验——兼论新时代学生评价改革的微观转向  

Measurement and Validation of College Students'Perceptions of Academic Involution——A Micro Perspective on the Reform of Student Evaluation in the New Era

作　　者：陈涛 李点石 李佳丽 CHEN Tao;LI Dianshi;LI Jiali(School of Public Administration,Southuestern Uniersity of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Faculty of Law,Uninersity of Macao,Macao SAR 999078,China;School of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学公共管理学院,四川成都611130 [2]澳门大学法学院,中国澳门特别行政区999078 [3]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200233

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2025年第2期101-113,共13页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务经费项目高等财经教育研究项目“新时代高等教育评价改革的价值、逻辑与路径研究”[JKB22FG01]。

摘　　要：大学生学业内卷是过度竞争和过度教育引发的学习异化现象,但不同学生群体的内卷感知存在差异性,致使其学习行为复杂纷繁。识别和测度大学生学业内卷感知成为理解大学生学业内卷行为的关键。基于教育过程中“知情意行”生成规律,研究构建由“内卷认知”“内卷情感”“内卷意志”作为基本维度的学业内卷感知评价指标体系。依照认知—情感系统理论和迈尔斯—布里格斯类型指标(MBTI)分型范式,形成“2+6”内卷感知分型模式,即“自律型”“安逸型”2种非内卷感知类型,以及“情绪型”“顺从型”“从众型”“利己型”“自卑型”“自助型”6种内卷感知类型。利用CCSVS有关数据,对不同学校、学科、年级和班级的大学生学业内卷感知程度和类型进行检验,研究发现:“双一流”高校学生学业内卷程度更高,其他普通高校存在“两极分化”现象;理工农医类学科学生学业内卷程度最高,更易产生情绪耗竭和学业压力;低年级学生学业内卷感知程度更高;实验班(书院)学生学业内卷感知度更高。从上述分析来看,应考虑从微观层面反思学生评价改革:一是关注大学生学业日常,探究学习微观机制;二是构建感知型学业评价,突出特质分类指导;三是坚持立德树人总要求,转换学生评价思路。Academic involution among university students is a phenomenon of learning alienation triggered by excessive competition and overeducation.However,variations in perceptions of involution across different student groups lead to complex and multifaceted learning behaviors.Identifying and measuring college students'perceptions of academic involution is crucial for understanding their involutionary behaviors.Based on the generative principles of“knowledge,emotion,will,action”in the educational process,this study constructs an evaluation system for perceptions of academic involution,encompassing the fundamental dimensions of“involution cognition”,“involution affect”,and“involution will”.Utilizing cognitive-affective system theory and the Myers-Briggs type indicator(MBTI)typology,a“2+6”typology model of involution perception is developed,comprising two non-involution types—self-disciplined and comfortable—and six involution types—emotional,compliant,conformist,egoistic,inferior,and self-help.Employing data from the China college students'voice survey(CCSVS),this study examines the degree and types of academic involution perception among university students across different institutions,disciplines,grades,and classes.The findings reveal that students in“Double First-Class”universities exhibit higher levels of perceived academic involution,with a polarization phenomenon observed in other ordinary universities.Students in STEM and related disciplines show the highest levels of perceived involution,making them more susceptible to emotional exhaustion and academic stress.Additionally,lower-grade students and those in experimental classes(academies)demonstrate higher perceptions of academic involution.Based on these analyses,it is essential to reflect on student evaluation reforms from a micro level by:(1)exploring the micro-mechanisms of learning in daily academic activities;(2)developing perception-based academic evaluations that emphasize trait-based guidance;and(3)adhering to the overarching

关 键 词：学业内卷 内卷感知 学生评价 人格特质 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] G44[文化科学—教育学]