数实融合背景下公共数据开放对企业虚拟集聚的影响研究  

Impact of Public Data Openness on Enterprise Virtual Agglomeration

作　　者：郭立祥 岳书敬[1,2] 高鹏 GUO Lixiang;YUE Shujing;GAO Peng(Southeast University,Nanjing,China;Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学经济管理学院,211189 [2]东南大学中国特色社会主义发展研究院 [3]南京邮电大学经济学院,210023

出　　处：《经济学动态》2025年第2期55-73,共19页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：江苏省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重点项目;江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“科技创新和产业创新融合发展路径研究”(24ZXZA028);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“碳边境调节机制对中国出口产品部门的冲击效应及应对策略研究”(24YJC790046)。

摘　　要：公共数据开放有助于释放数据要素价值、打破时空限制和地理约束,因而为虚拟集聚提供了新动能。本文在产业集群理论演变视角下,以2005-2023年中国A股上市公司为研究对象,利用双重差分模型实证检验公共数据开放对企业虚拟集聚的影响。研究发现:公共数据开放能够显著提升企业的虚拟集聚水平。机制分析表明,公共数据开放通过降低企业内交易成本,增强企业间知识溢出,以及优化企业外部竞争环境,转变了企业对地理集聚的内在要求,进而提升企业虚拟集聚水平。异质性分析表明,公共数据开放表现出明显的后发优势,即在实体经济水平较低、营商环境较差城市,以及非数字经济核心产业和专精特新“小巨人”企业中,公共数据开放对企业虚拟集聚的提升作用更强。此外,城市中心地区企业倾向于向内凝聚,而城市行政边界地区企业倾向于向外拓展。本文还发现上游企业所在城市公共数据开放,以及东西协作的合作模式均有助于提升企业虚拟集聚水平。经济后果分析表明,虚拟集聚有助于企业发展从“脱实向虚”向“走深入实”迈进。本文丰富了公共数据开放与虚拟集聚的相关研究,为释放数据要素价值、提升企业虚拟集聚水平、助力数实融合发展,以及建设全国统一大市场提供了决策参考。Against the backdrop of deep integration between the digital and real economy,the evolution of industrial clusters in China has exhibited characteristics such as virtualization,networking,and digitization.As a result,virtual agglomeration has emerged as a new spatial organizational form shaped by the integration of the digital and real economy.Meanwhile,data,as a novel production factor,serves not only as the foundation of the digital economy but also as a key driver of virtual agglomeration.Public data openness platforms provide a novel pathway for unlocking the value of data as a production factor.While existing studies often focus on the impact of public data openness on regional coordinated development and high-quality enterprise development,the extent to which public data openness facilitates the formation of virtual agglomeration remains a matter of debate.This study investigates the effect of public data openness on enterprise virtual agglomeration,enriching literature on public data openness and virtual agglomeration,while offering decisionmaking insights for maximizing the value of data,fostering the integration of the digital and real economy,and promoting the construction of a unified national market.From the perspective of the evolution of industrial cluster theory,this paper focuses on China's A-share listed companies from 2005 to 2023 and employs a difference-in-differences(DID)model to empirically examine the impact of public data openness on enterprise virtual agglomeration.The findings reveal that public data openness significantly promotes enterprise virtual agglomeration.Mechanism analysis shows that public data openness reduces intra-enterprise transaction costs,fosters knowledge spillovers among enterprises,and optimizes the external competitive environment,thereby enhancing enterprises'virtual agglomeration.Heterogeneity analysis indicates a significant latecomer advantage of public data openness,with its effects being more pronounced in cities with lower development of real economy,weaker b

关 键 词：公共数据开放 虚拟集聚 数据要素 数实融合 全国统一大市场 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理] F272[经济管理—国民经济]