内卷化就业市场中青年大学生的替代性职业选择研究  

Research on the Alternative Career Choices of Young College Students in the Involuted Job Market

作　　者：王寓凡 刘飞[2] WANG Yu-fan;LIU Fei

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学马克思主义学院 [2]华中师范大学社会学院

出　　处：《中国大学生就业》2025年第2期32-43,共12页Journal of Chinese College Student Employment

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目“空间理论视域下易地搬迁社区青少年精神生活问题研究”(项目编号:22YJC710069);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“空间理论视域下易地扶贫搬迁社区青少年精神生活问题研究”(项目编号:2022M721288)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在日益内卷化的就业市场中,部分青年大学生主动选择到基层就业或创业,在职业实践与日常生活中锻造社会生活的意义与价值。本文称这一类型的就业模式为“向下兼容”。“向下”的职业选择是如何产生的?他(她)们在职场内外“兼容”得如何?本文基于对16名青年大学生的深度访谈对上述问题进行回答。研究发现:在不确定的劳动力市场中,青年大学生主动调整竞争、就业稳定与工作生活平衡预期,“向下”进行职业选择。在“向下兼容”过程中,青年大学生既要说服他人,又要说服自我。他们的“兼容”经历了从职业异化到事业自主、从漂泊感到归属感、从生存型焦虑到发展型焦虑的过程。本文的研究对于那些仍处于就业仿湟期的青年大学生具有启发与借鉴意义。In the increasingly involuted job market,some young college students actively choose to seek employment or start businesses at the grassroots level,forging the meaning and value of social life in their professional practices and daily lives.This paper refers to this type of employment model as"downward compatibility."How does the"downward"career choice come about?How well do they"compatible"both inside and outside the workplace?Based on in-depth interviews with 16 young college students,this paper answers the above questions.The study finds that in an uncertain labor market,young college students actively adjust their expectations regarding competition,employment stability,and work-life balance,and make"downward"career choices.During the process of"downward compatibility,"young college students have to persuade both others and themselves.Their"compatibility"experience has gone through a process from career alienation to career autonomy,from a sense of drift to a sense of belonging,and from survival-based anxiety to development-based anxiety.The research of this paper has enlightenment and reference significance for those young college students who are still in the employment hesitation period.

关 键 词：内卷化 “向下兼容” 青年大学生 替代性职业选择 自主性 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]