基于浮岛设计的6种水生植物净化能力研究  

The purification ability of 6 species of aquatic plants based on floating island design

作　　者：吴红[1] 李成忠[1] 于飞 丁银花 WU Hong;LI Chengzhong;YU Fei;DING Yinhua(Landscape and Horticulture College,Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College,Taizhou 225300,China;Jiangsu Lvtao Garden Construction Co.,Ltd.,Taizhou 225300,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏农牧科技职业学院园林园艺学院,江苏泰州225300 [2]江苏绿涛园林建设有限公司,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《湖北大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期348-356,共9页Journal of Hubei University:Natural Science

基　　金：江苏省林业科技示范推广项目(LYKJ[2020]29);江苏省现代农业(花卉)产业体系(JATS[2023]355);泰州市科技支撑计划(社会发展)项目(SSF20230114);江苏农牧科技职业学院院级项目(NSFPT202411)资助。

摘　　要：凤凰河作为连接泰州老城区与新区的重要水系,面临着日益严重的水环境问题,针对凤凰河水系氮磷超标、富养化以及生物物种单一等问题,本实验选取美人蕉(Canna glauca)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)、千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)、再力花(Thalia dealbata)、梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)6种华东地区常见水生植物作为研究对象,在生态浮岛模式下对其生长状态以及化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的去除能力进行比较研究,结果表明:浮岛模式下水生植物鲜质量增加量具有极显著差异(P<0.01),变化范围为155.16~372.8 g/m^(2),其中鲜生物量增加最高的芦苇是最低的梭鱼草的2.40倍,各水生植物地上干物质量和地下部分干物质量也有所不同,分别在43.5~123.35 g/m^(2)和6.72~25.52 g/m^(2)之间;水质净化能力因植物不同而异,6种植物的COD、TN、TP的平均去除率范围为63.81%~73.48%,38.90%~54.25%和30.53%~36.91%。相关性分析表明水生植物增加的总生物量与COD、TN和TP的去除率均呈极显著正相关关系。以上结果表明,6种植物具有较高的净化能力,适用于城市自然水系的植物修复治理,且植物鲜质量增长和干物质累积与污染物的清除能力之间存在明显的关联性,可以作为净化植物筛选的考量标准。The Phoenix River,as an important water system connecting the old and new districts of Taizhou,is facing increasingly serious water environment problems.In response to the problems of excessive nitrogen and phosphorus,eutrophication,and single biological species in the Phoenix River system,six common aquatic plants in East China were selected as the research objects,including Canna glauca,Phragmites australis,Typha orientalis,Lythrum salicaria,Thalia dealbata and Pontederia cordata.A comparative study was conducted about their growth status,as well as their ability to remove chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)under the ecological floating island model.The results showed that:there was a significant difference in the increase of fresh weight of aquatic plant(P<0.01),with a variation range from 155.16 g/m^(2) to 372.8 g/m^(2),among which Phragmites australis with the highest increase in fresh biomass was 2.40 times than the lowest Pontederia cordata.The above ground and underground dry matter masses of various aquatic plants also varied from 43.5 to123.35 g/m^(2) and from 6.72 to 25.52 g/m^(2),respectively.There were also certain differences in the purification ability of different plants.The average removal rates of COD,TN and TP by different plants ranged from 63.81% to 73.48%,from 38.90% to 54.25% and from 30.53% to 36.91%.Correlation analysis showed that the total biomass of aquatic plants were extremely significant positive correlation with the removal rates of COD,TN,and TP.The above results indicate that six plants have high purification ability and are suitable for plant restoration and management of urban natural water systems.There is a certain correlation between the amount of fresh plant growth and the quality of dry matter with the removal of pollutants,which can serve as an important reference factor for plant screening.

关 键 词：生态浮岛 凤凰河 水体富营养化 水体净化 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]