青光眼中视网膜神经节细胞死亡的生物标志物研究进展  

Progress on molecular markers of retinal ganglion cells death in glaucoma

作　　者：祝悦 张秋阳 曹国凡[1,2] Zhu Yue;Zhang Qiuyang;Cao Guofan(Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,Jiangsu Province,China;The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学,江苏省南京市211166 [2]南京医科大学附属眼科医院,江苏省南京市210029

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2025年第5期781-786,共6页International Eye Science

基　　金：南京医科大学科技发展基金项目(No.NMUB20230247)。

摘　　要：青光眼是一种以视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)死亡为核心病理特征的神经退行性疾病,常因眼内压(IOP)升高、神经营养因子剥夺、免疫反应、氧化应激以及兴奋毒性等多种机制交互作用引发。由于青光眼患者在早期通常缺乏显著症状,患者往往在出现不可逆性视力损失时才意识到疾病,因此,青光眼的早期诊断显得尤为重要。当前对青光眼的诊断主要依靠IOP升高、特征性视野丢失以及眼底视盘改变,而这些改变通常在严重视力损伤后才发生,因此,寻找RGCs死亡相关生物标志物将为青光眼的早期诊断和治疗提供重要支持。文章主要研究内容聚焦于探讨导致RGCs死亡的不同分子机制,并分析这些机制中是否存在潜在的生物标志物,以期为青光眼的早期诊断提供新的思路,并且希望通过检测到各个机制中相关标志物的早期变化情况,推动青光眼的早期干预,从而降低视力损失的风险、改善患者的生活质量。Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).This condition can arise from a complex interplay of multiple mechanisms,including elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),neurotrophic factor deprivation,immune-mediated responses,oxidative stress,and excitotoxicity.Due to the absence of significant clinical symptoms in its initial stages,individuals often remain unaware of the disease until they experience irreversible vision loss,highlighting the critical importance of early diagnosis.Current diagnostic methods predominantly focus on measuring elevated IOP,assessing characteristic visual field deficits,and examining fundoscopic changes in the optic disc.Unfortunately,these indicators typically manifest only after considerable optic nerve damage has already occurred.Consequently,the identification of biomarkers associated with RGCs loss is essential for enhancing the early diagnosis and management of glaucoma.This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying RGCs degeneration and to determine the potential existence of biomarkers within these pathways.By identifying early alterations in these biomarkers,we hope to facilitate timely intervention strategies for glaucoma,ultimately reducing the risk of vision loss and improving the overall quality of life for affected individuals.

关 键 词：青光眼 视网膜神经节细胞 神经营养因子 免疫 氧化应激 兴奋毒性 凋亡 

分 类 号：R775[医药卫生—眼科]