出土汉画所见汉代生生元气宇宙观  

The Cosmology of Perpetual Generation(Shengsheng Yuanqi)in the Han Dynasty as Reflected in Excavated Han-Dynasty Stone Reliefs

作　　者：何飞雁[1,2] HE Feiyan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang Henan 473061,China;Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Industry,Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang Henan 473061,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院文学院,河南南阳473061 [2]南阳师范学院河南省文化产业研究院,河南南阳473061

出　　处：《南都学坛》2025年第3期24-36,共13页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“出土汉画文献所见汉代‘生生’审美精神研究”(项目编号:23BZW025);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“汉画中的生生美学精神研究”(项目编号:22BZW019);南阳师范学院汉文化学科群委托项目“汉赋与图像综合研究”(项目编号:2024hwhxkq08)。

摘　　要：目前学界对汉代气化宇宙观的研究主要立足于传世文献,少量对出土汉画之气论思想的研究主要涉及汉代元气论及其生态价值,对于汉代以生生思想为根基的天地人一体共生的生生元气宇宙精神尚未深入挖掘和充分展开。中国传统气化宇宙观发展到汉代,不仅提出了元气论,形成阴阳合气和五元元气互动说,而且在易学及儒道诸家影响下形成了以生生思想为根基的天地人一体共生的生生元气宇宙观,在汉画太一、北斗、云气、云鸟、日月星象、四象、S形纹饰图中有精彩体现。这种宇宙观认为,物之生与气有着内在关联,元气为生之本,天上北辰北斗中心为气之源,元气包括天气、地气、人气、时气、风气即五元元气,五元元气互动带动万物之生,整个宇宙呈现为天地人在生生元气中化生化育、交感互生、一体共生、生生不息的图景。Current scholarly research on the Han Dynasty’s Qi-based cosmology primarily relies on transmitted texts,with only limited studies addressing Qi theory(元气论)as reflected in excavated Han-Dynasty stone relief paintings.Existing research has mainly focused on the Han Dynasty’s Yuanqi(Primordial Energy)theory and its ecological implications,but the broader cosmological vision—rooted in the philosophy of Shengsheng(perpetual generation)and emphasizing the symbiotic integration of Heaven,Earth,and humanity—has yet to be thoroughly explored.By the Han period,traditional Chinese Qi-based cosmology had evolved to include not only Yuanqi theory but also the doctrines of Yin-Yang fusion and the dynamic interaction of the five fundamental forces(五元元气).Under the influence of Yijing(Book of Changes),Confucianism,Daoism,and Mohism,a cosmological system emerged that centered on the principle of Shengsheng—a self-generating,interdependent universe in which Heaven,Earth,and humanity exist in a state of mutual creation and transformation.This worldview is vividly expressed in Han-Dynasty stone relief paintings depicting Taiyi(the Supreme One),the Big Dipper,auspicious clouds,cloud-borne birds,celestial bodies(the Sun,Moon,and stars),the Four Symbols(四象),and S-shaped decorative motifs.This cosmology posits an intrinsic connection between the genesis of all things and Qi.Yuanqi serves as the fundamental source of life,with the celestial Beidou(North Star and Big Dipper)as the origin of Qi.The concept of Qi encompasses five interrelated forces:Tianqi(Heavenly Qi),Diqi(Earthly Qi),Renqi(Human Qi),Shiqi(Temporal Qi),and Fengqi(Wind Qi).The dynamic interactions among these five types of Yuanqi drive the continual generation and transformation of all things,shaping a cosmic vision in which Heaven,Earth,and humanity exist in an endless cycle of creation,resonance,and harmonious coexistence.

关 键 词：汉画 元气生万物 五元元气 天地人相感相生 生生元气宇宙观 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] C91[历史地理—中国史]