镁合金电弧增材制造技术的研究现状与展望  

Status and prospect of wire-arc additive manufacturingtechnology for magnesium alloys

作　　者：刘双耀 王伟[2] 王瑞权 程文锋[1] 陈罡 王伟春 LIU Shuangyao;WANG Wei;WANG Ruiquan;CHENG Wenfeng;CHEN Gang;WANG Weichun(Department of Additive Manufacturing,Zhejiang Polytechnic University of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou 310053,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;College of Automation,Zhejiang Polytechnic University of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江机电职业技术大学增材制造学院,浙江杭州310053 [2]浙江理工大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310018 [3]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [4]浙江机电职业技术大学自动化学院,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《机电工程》2025年第4期766-779,共14页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：浙江省高校国内访问工程师访工研究项目(FG2024037);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202249825);浙江省“尖兵领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2022C01026);浙江机电职业技术大学校级重点课题(A-0271-24-206)。

摘　　要：在设备轻量化与设备高端化并进的背景下,镁合金作为轻质合金,其年消耗量也在逐年增加。因具有高沉积速率、加工灵活性等特点,电弧增材制造技术(WAAM)成为制备高性能镁合金的重要手段,为此,对国内外镁合金电弧增材制造的研究和应用现状进行了梳理。首先,对镁及其合金的特性进行了总结(其具有轻质、高比强度、良好的加工性能等特点),这些特点使镁合金在交通、医疗及航空航天等领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力;其次,对电弧增材制造技术的分类进行了介绍,并对不同WAAM工艺的特点进行了比较分析;最后,针对镁合金电弧增材制造技术的研究现状,详细阐述了成型质量、微观组织性能、耐腐蚀性能、常见缺陷(如气孔、热裂纹、残余应力较大)的成因,以及针对这些制造技术缺陷的解决方案。展望未来,镁合金电弧增材制造技术进一步研究与改进的方向可以聚焦以下几个核心领域:一是优化制造过程中的热积累和冷却速率;二是创新镁合金焊丝的成分设计;三是对制造完成后的热处理工艺进行深入研究。In the context of the pursuit of lightweight and high-end equipment,the annual consumption of magnesium alloy as a lightweight alloy increased year by year.Wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)technology became one of the important means of preparing high-performance magnesium alloys because of its high deposition rate,processing flexibility.The research and application of electric arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed.Firstly,the characteristics of magnesium and its alloys were summarized,including light weight,high specific strength,and good processing performance.These characteristics showed great application potential of magnesium alloys in the fields of transportation,medical,aerospace,and other fields.Secondly,the classifications of arc additive manufacturing technology were introduced,and the characteristics of different WAAM processes were compared and analyzed.Finally,regarding the current research status of arc additive manufacturing technology for magnesium alloys,the forming quality,microstructure properties,corrosion resistance,causes of common defects(such as pores,hot cracks,and high residual stress),and solutions for these defects were elaborated in detail.Looking ahead,the direction of further research and improvement of magnesium alloy arc additive manufacturing technology can be considered to focus on the following core areas:the first point is to optimize the heat accumulation and cooling rate in the manufacturing process;the second point is to innovate the composition design of magnesium alloy welding wire;the third point is to conduct an in-depth study of the heat treatment process after the completion of manufacturing.

关 键 词：综述 镁合金特性 电弧增材制造技术 成型质量 微观组织性能 耐腐蚀性能 制造缺陷 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG146.22[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG444[金属学及工艺—金属材料]