青稞高原适应性的多组学研究进展与展望  

Progress and Prospects of Multi-Omics on the Plateau Adaptation of Qingke

作　　者：曾兴权[1] 王玉林[1] 原红军[1] 羊海珍 许从萍 ZENG Xingquan;WANG Yulin;YUAN Hongjun;YANG Haizhen;XU Congping(State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Barley Biology and Genetic Improvement on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture/Research Institute of Agriculture,Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa Xizang 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室/藏区青稞生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所,西藏拉萨850032

出　　处：《西藏农业科技》2025年第1期2-9,共8页Tibet Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U20A2026);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-05)。

摘　　要：青稞作为青藏高原地区的重要粮食作物,凭借其独特的耐寒、耐旱、耐盐碱及早熟特性,在高原极端生态环境中展现出卓越的适应性。基于高通量组学技术的突破性进展,系统梳理了青稞生物学研究的最新成果。在基础研究层面,重点解析了其基因组结构特征及起源进化规律;在环境适应机制方面,深入探讨了非生物胁迫(紫外线辐射、干旱和盐碱)和生物胁迫(白粉病)响应的分子调控网络;在品质形成机理层面,阐明了β葡聚糖、花青素等特征性功能成分的生物合成途径及其调控机制。提出了未来重点研究方向应包括:构建端粒到端粒(T2T)完整基因组图谱、开展泛基因组研究、推进功能基因组学研究与分子标记开发。Qingke is a vital cereal crop in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,exhibiting remarkable adaptability to the extreme ecological environment due to its unique traits of cold tolerance,drought resistance,salinity tolerance,and early maturity.This review systematically summarizes the latest achievements in the biology of Qingke,based on the breakthroughs in high-throughput omics technologies.At the fundamental research level,the genomic structure and evolutionary origins of Qingke have been elucidated.In terms of environmental adaptation mechanisms,the molecular regulatory networks in response to abiotic stresses(such as UV radiation,drought and salinity)and biotic stresses(powdery mildew)have been explored in depth.Additionally,the bio-synthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of characteristic functional components,such asβ-glucan and anthocyanins,have been clarified.This review proposes future research directions,including the construction of telomere-to-telomere(T2T)complete genome maps,pan-genome studies,and the advancement of functional genomics research and molecular marker development.

关 键 词：青稞 基因组 非生物胁迫 生物胁迫 品质性状 多组学 

分 类 号：Q949.714.2[生物学—植物学]