1990年以来长江口及邻近海岸盐沼湿地蓝碳时空格局  

Spatiotemporal patterns of blue carbon stocks in tidal marsh of the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent coasts since 1990

作　　者：赵文祯 林世伟 张正龙 袁琳[1] 杨华蕾[1] 贾俊鹤 纪焕红 李秀珍[1] ZHAO Wenzhen;LIN Shiwei;ZHANG Zhenglong;YUAN Lin;YANG Hualei;JIA Junhe;JI Huanhong;LI Xiuzhen(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,Institute of Eco-Chongming,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;College of Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;East China Sea Ecological Center,East China Sea Bureau,Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shanghai 222399,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,崇明生态研究院,上海200241 [2]扬州大学植物保护学院,扬州225009 [3]自然资源部东海生态中心,海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海222399

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第7期3111-3124,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点专项(42141016);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0113100);上海市生态环境局科研项目(沪环科[2022]第10号)。

摘　　要：全球变暖加剧背景下,滨海盐沼因其高效的固碳能力而备受关注。近年来我国滨海盐沼正面临物种入侵和围垦扰动的双重胁迫,碳汇功能面临严峻挑战。以长江口盐沼湿地为研究区,结合野外调查、室内分析和遥感反演,定量评估了盐沼湿地不同岸段、不同群落碳密度动态和蓝碳储量时空分异特征。结果表明:(1)1990—2022年,长江口盐沼面积先减少后增加,入侵互花米草逐渐取代芦苇成为优势种,到2022年其面积已占长江口盐沼总面积的53.33%。(2)互花米草长期入侵的岸段,其生物量和沉积物碳密度显著高于本土芦苇和海三棱藨草群落。(3)2022年,长江口盐沼湿地总碳储量为(2794.84±691.04)Gg C,其中,互花米草湿地贡献量超过一半(57%)。从碳储量区域差异来看,崇明岛、九段沙和南汇东滩是长江口蓝碳储量的热点岸段。(4)互花米草扩张已成为1990年来长江口蓝碳格局演变的关键因子,其碳储量从27.88×10^(4) t(2000年)增加至160×10^(4) t(2022年),而同期芦苇、海三棱藨草碳储量在33年间分别下降了32%和8%。研究结果深化了对长江口盐沼蓝碳时空格局演变规律的认识,可为评估河口区域湿地的碳汇潜力、制定外来入侵物种治理和修复策略提供科学支撑。Intensifying global warming has directed significant attention towards coastal tidal marshes for their efficient carbon sequestration capabilities.In recent years,tidal marshes in China have been facing the dual stresses of species invasion and reclamation disturbance,posing severe challenges to their carbon sink function.This study focused on the tidal marshes of the Yangtze Estuary.We assessed the dynamics in carbon density and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of blue carbon stocks across different coastal sections and plant communities,employing field surveys,laboratory analyses,and remote sensing techniques.The results revealed that:(1)From 1990 to 2022,the area of tidal marshes in the Yangtze Estuary initially shrank and then expanded,with invasive Spartina alterniflora gradually replacing Phragmites australis as the dominant species,constituting 53.33%of the total tidal marsh area by 2022.(2)In coastal sections with long⁃term S.alterniflora invasion,both biomass carbon density and sediment carbon density were significantly higher than those of the native P.australis and Scirpus mariqueter communities.(3)In 2022,the total blue carbon stocks in the tidal marshes of the Yangtze Estuary reached(2794.84±691.04)Gg C,with S.alterniflora wetlands contributing over half(57%).Regionally,Chongming Island,Jiuduansha Shoal,and Nanhui Dongtan Shoal emerged as hotspots of blue carbon stocks within the Yangtze Estuary.(4)The expansion of S.alterniflora has become a key driver in the evolution of blue carbon pattern in the Yangtze Estuary over the past 33 years.Its carbon stocks increased from 27.88×10^(4) t in 2000 to 160×10^(4) t in 2022,while during the same period,the carbon stocks of P.australis and S.mariqueter decreased by 32%and 8%,respectively.This study enhances our understanding of blue carbon dynamics in the Yangtze Estuary tidal marshes and supports the assessment of estuarine carbon sink potential and invasive species management strategies.

关 键 词：滨海盐沼 蓝碳 互花米草 沉积物 长江口 时空格局 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]