底栖动物群落扰动作用对沉积物-水界面生源要素的影响  

Effects of benthic community disturbance on biogenic elements at sediment⁃water interface

作　　者：郭丽 邓一深 张文馨 张倩 李凡一 于政达 GUO Li;DENG Yishen;ZHANG Wenxin;ZHANG Qian;LI Fanyi;YU Zhengda(Qingdao University School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Qingdao 266071,China;Shandong Academy of Forestry,Jinan 250014,China;Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛266071 [2]山东省林业科学研究院,济南250014 [3]青岛市碳中和生态环境技术创新中心,青岛266071

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第7期3474-3486,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101302);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2024MC181,ZR2019BD065)。

摘　　要：大型底栖无脊椎动物的生物扰动作用是维持淡水生态系统物质循环稳定的关键因素之一,当前对底栖动物群落与单一物种生物扰动作用异同的认识还十分有限。以微生境反应器培养五种典型底栖动物种群及其群落,通过测定底栖动物生物扰动作用引起的沉积物、上覆水中营养盐(NH_(3)-N、NO_(2)^(-)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和DTP)及溶解有机碳(DOC)的含量变化,同时计算各组单位生物量引起的元素变化量,探究单物种和生物群落扰动作用的差异以及对沉积物-水界面生源要素的影响。结果表明:单物种扰动作用导致沉积物NH_(3)-N含量降低(P<0.05),并使整个体系中NO_(3)^(-)-N含量增加(P<0.05),但对DTP无显著影响(P>0.05);而群落扰动作用则促进体系NH_(3)-N的增加(P<0.05),使上覆水中NO_(3)^(-)-N向沉积物沉积,同时引起上覆水DTP含量显著上升(P<0.05)。单物种的独立扰动皆促进上覆水DOC含量降低(P<0.05),霍甫水丝蚓的生物扰动导致沉积物的DOC含量降低且为唯一产生影响的物种(P<0.05),而群落中各物种相互作用导致体系DOC浓度无变化(P>0.05)。单物种/群落单位生物量对各类物质分布存在明显差异,霍甫水丝蚓的生物扰动作用对于上覆水和沉积物中的单位生物量C、N、P变化影响最为显著,但其扰动作用在群落组合中受到抑制,表明单位生物量扰动强度较大的物种,其扰动强度在群落中更容易受到抑制。Bioturbation of macroinvertebrate is one of the key factors in maintaining the nutrient cycling in freshwater ecosystems.Currently,the understanding of the similarities and differences in the bioturbation effects between benthic macroinvertebrate communities and single species was still very limited.This study aims to explore the differences in bioturbation effects caused by single species and communities,as well as the effects on the distribution characteristics of the biogenic element such as organic carbon and nutrients at the sediment⁃water interface in freshwater systems.We selected five typical benthic species(Unio douglasiae,Bellamya aeruginosa,Corbicula fluminea,Neocaridina denticulata sinensis and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)for laboratory culture experiments.Seven microcosmos were established to culture benthic macroinvertebrate populations(signal species group)and their communities(community group).Nutrients including ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)⁃N),nitrite(NO_(2)^(-)⁃N),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)⁃N),dissolved total phosphorus(DTP),and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in both the sediment(upper layer and bottom layer)and overlying water,influenced by bioturbation,were measured at the beginning and seventh day.Besides,the changes of the tested variables induced by per unit biomass for each group were calculated.The results indicated that the bioturbation by single species groups led to a decrease of NH_(3)⁃N in sediment(P<0.05)and an increase of NO_(3)^(-)⁃N content both in sediment and overlaying water(P<0.05).In contrast,the bioturbation of the community group promoted an increase in NH_(3)⁃N(P<0.05)and induced the NO_(3)^(-)⁃N deposition from the overlying water into the sediment.The community group significantly increased the DTP content in the overlying water(P<0.05),but this phenomenon was not observed in signal species groups.The independent bioturbation of single species groups all promoted a decrease in DOC content in the overlying water(P<0.05).Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was the only species that re

关 键 词：大型底栖无脊椎动物 生物扰动作用 群落 生源要素 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]