嵊泗枸杞岛贻贝养殖区大型底栖动物优势类群群落构建机制  

Community assembly mechanism of dominant macrobenthos species in mussel culture area of Gouqi Island,Shengsi

作　　者：陈屹洋 张秀梅 胡成业 裴文豪 张秋宏 李王灿 CHEN Yiyang;ZHANG Xiumei;HU Chengye;PEI Wenhao;ZHANG Qiuhong;LI Wangcan(School of Fisheries of Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Administration of Dam Inning Zone of Putian,Putian 351100,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,舟山316022 [2]莆田市后海围垦管理局,莆田351100

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第7期3507-3519,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C02047)。

摘　　要：为探究贻贝养殖区大型底栖动物优势类群的分布特征及群落构建机制,基于2021年春季(4月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)以及2022年冬季(1月)的嵊泗枸杞岛贻贝养殖区大型底栖动物调查数据,采用多样性指数、Raup-Crick指数、扩散-生态位连续体指数(DNCI)、Mantel分析、邻体矩阵主坐标分析、变差分解分析等方法探究优势类群多样性分布及其与环境、空间因子关系以及群落构建机制。共鉴定发现195种大型底栖动物,筛选出42种优势物种作为研究对象,其中多毛纲占比最高(76.2%),软甲纲次之(7.1%)。四季共有优势种分别为不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata、日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus、丝异须虫Heteromastus filiformis。多样性指数的时空变化波动较大(0.63—2.39),总体上养殖区内部的优势类群多样性高于养殖区外围,养殖区平均多样性夏季最高,冬季最低。硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、溶解氧、水温及离岸距离等因素是影响大型底栖动物优势种分布的关键环境因子。优势种的分布和多样性受环境过滤影响显著。大型底栖动物优势类群的群落构建机制同时受到随机性过程和确定性过程的影响。秋季群落构建中随机性和确定性过程的作用相对平衡,春冬季确定性生态过程如环境过滤在群落构建中起主导作用,夏季群落构建受随机性过程的影响较高。进一步解析发现,扩散过程和生态位过程共同主导优势类群的群落构建,其中扩散过程对群落构建的影响较生态位过程大。研究结果为贻贝养殖活动的生态效应评价及其养殖容量管理提供了参考依据。Macrobenthic species are pivotal in aquatic ecosystems,as they play indispensable roles in maintaining ecological balance,biodiversity,and energy cycling.In⁃depth studies of the dominant species among large benthic animals can significantly enhance our comprehension of the structure and function of benthic ecosystems.This knowledge not only furnishes a scientific foundation but also offers strategies for ecological conservation,environmental management,and sustainable resource utilization,consequently fostering the health and stability of ecosystems.In order to explore the distribution characteristics and community assembly mechanisms of dominant macrobenthic species in mussel culture areas,this study utilized survey data on macrobenthic species from the mussel culture area of Gouqi Island,Shengsi.The data were collected in spring(April),summer(August),autumn(November)of 2021,and winter(January)of 2022.Various methods,including diversity indices,the Raup⁃Crick index,the diffusion⁃niche continuum index(DNCI),mantel analysis,principal coordinates of neighbor matrices,and variation partitioning analysis,were employed to investigate the relationships between the diversity distribution of dominant taxa and environmental and spatial factors,as well as the community assembly mechanisms.A total of 195 macrobenthic species were identified,with 42 dominant species selected for study.Polychaeta constituted the largest proportion(76.2%),followed by Malacostraca(7.1%).Sternaspis scutata,Amphioplus japonicus,and Heteromastus filiformis were the dominant species observed across all seasons.The temporal and spatial variations in diversity indices were significant(0.63—2.39),with the overall diversity of dominant taxa being higher inside the aquaculture area than in the periphery.The average diversity was highest in summer and lowest in winter.Nitrate,nitrite,dissolved oxygen,water temperature,and offshore distance were identified as key environmental factors influencing the distribution of dominant macrobenthic species.T

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 群落构建 驱动因素 厚壳贻贝 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]