病原体厌恶对公平决策的影响  

The influence of pathogen aversion on unfair decision-making

作　　者：邢小莉[1] 赵晨悦 毛双双 张梦月 XING Xiaoli;ZHAO Chenyue;MAO Shuangshuang;ZHANG Mengyue(School of Psychology,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004;Basic Education Institute,Hunan Vocational College for Nationalities,Yueyang 414000)

机构地区：[1]河南大学心理学院,开封475004 [2]湖南民族职业学院基础教育学院,岳阳414000

出　　处：《心理研究》2025年第2期129-138,共10页Psychological Research

基　　金：河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(2021ZZJH057);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2021CJY050)。

摘　　要：病原体厌恶作为一切厌恶的基础,其适应性功能是个体抵御病原体感染的第一道防线。疫情期间,病毒传染相关的线索或事件更容易引起人们的病原体厌恶情绪,进而影响其决策和行为,但病原体厌恶情绪对公平决策的影响尚不清楚。本研究借助经典的最后通牒博弈范式、第三方利他惩罚范式和独裁者博弈范式分别将接受者/第三方评价者/提议者作为研究对象,考察病原体厌恶对公平决策的影响。实验结果发现:(1)在最后通牒任务中,病原体厌恶增加了回应方对不公平方案的拒绝率;(2)在第三方惩罚任务中,病原体厌恶增加了第三方对不公平方案的惩罚强度;(3)在独裁者博弈任务中,病原体厌恶增加了提议方对不公平方案的提出率;(4)在最后通牒和第三方利他惩罚任务中,病原体厌恶降低了个体对不公平方案的反应时。结论:个体的角色调节了病原体厌恶对公平决策的影响,结果有助于进一步澄清病原体厌恶情绪对公平感知和决策的影响机制,从而为后疫情时代的社会公共决策和公共宣传提供建议。Pathogen aversion is the basis of all disgust,and its adaptive function is the first line of defense for individuals against pathogen infection.In today’s unique times,clues or events related to virus transmission are more likely to trigger people’s pathogen aversion,which in turn affects their decision-making and behavior.However,the impact of pathogen aversion on fair decision-making is still unclear.This study examined the influence of pathogen aversion on unfair decision-making by using the classical ultimatum game paradigm,the third-party altruistic punishment paradigm,and the dictator game paradigm,respectively.The experimental results found that:(1)In the ultimatum task,pathogen aversion increased the individual’s rejection rate of the unfair plan for recipients of unfair schemes;(2)In the third-party altruistic punishment task,pathogen aversion increased the individual’s rejection rate of unfair solutions for third-party evaluators of unfair programs;(3)In the dictator game task,pathogen aversion increased the rate of individuals proposing unfair solutions for the proposer of unfair solutions;(4)In ultimatums and third-party altruistic punishment missions,pathogen aversion reduced an individual’s response to an unfair program.Conclusion:The role of the individual mediates the influence of pathogen aversion on fair decision-making,and the results are helpful to further clarify the influence mechanism of pathogen aversion on fair perception and decision-mking and to provide suggestions for public decision-making and public publicity in the post-epidemic era.

关 键 词：病原体厌恶 社会决策 最后通牒博弈 第三方利他惩罚任务 独裁者博弈 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]