4种生理活性物质对蓝莓灰霉病防治及果实品质的影响  

Effects of four physiologically active substances on the control of gray mold and fruit quality of blueberries

作　　者：郄梦宇 魏佳丽 张绥林 胡琦鹏 徐海根 侯智霞[1] QIE Mengyu;WEI Jiali;ZHANG Suilin;HU Qipeng;XU Haigen;HOU Zhixia(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing Forestry University/Research and Development Center of Blueberry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100091,China;Shanghai Baimaoling Farm Co.,Ltd,Xuancheng 242121,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林木资源高效生产国家重点实验室·北京林业大学蓝莓研究与发展中心,北京100091 [2]上海市白茅岭农场有限公司,安徽宣城242121

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第4期874-889,共16页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：北京林业大学热点追踪项目(2022BLRD07)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选蓝莓灰霉病绿色防治措施,提升果实产量和品质。【方法】通过平板对峙试验筛选出显著抑制灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)的水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、壳寡糖、枯草芽孢杆菌等药剂,田间处理后分析生理活性物质对灰霉病防治及果实发育和品质的影响。【结果】除0.5 mmol·L^(-1)SA处理外,其他处理均可显著抑制萎蔫花序与发霉花朵的灰霉病发病率;除5 g·L^(-1)壳寡糖外,其他处理均可显著提升成熟期果实的横径和质量并维持硬度;0.1 mmol·L^(-1)SA、1.5 g·L^(-1)壳寡糖、0.5 mmol·L^(-1)MeJA处理较对照均可显著提高成熟期果实的葡萄糖含量、可溶性总糖含量、DPPH自由基清除率,显著降低丙二醛含量,提高果糖、总酚含量。【结论】对于成熟期蓝莓,0.5 mmol·L^(-1)MeJA对DPPH自由基清除的效果最佳,1.5 g·L^(-1)壳寡糖对总糖、可滴定酸、各时期果实葡萄糖含量提升效果最佳;0.1 mmol·L^(-1)SA对两种灰霉发病方式综合抑制效果较为优良,同时对横径以及原花青素、总黄酮、总酚含量提升的效果最佳。【Objective】Due to climate and other factors,gray mold outbreak of blueberries in South China has occurred for many years,seriously affecting blueberry fruit yield,quality and economic benefits.Emerald is one of the varieties susceptible to gray mold disease,which could suffer complete crop failure in severe cases.Chemical control is widely used in the control of gray mold of blueberries due to its low cost and fast effectiveness.However,with the abuse of chemical agents,the pathogens have developed serious resistance.Currently,using natural plant physiological active substances to induce plant resistance against gray mold disease is regarded as a new method for disease control.However,there has been few research on the use of physiological active substances in blueberry.The study aimed to screen the green control measures of gray mold in Emerald blueberry(Vaccinium spp.)in southern Anhui Province in order to improve the fruit yield and quality.【Methods】The natural plant physiological active substances effectively inhibiting the important causal organism of gray mold,Botrytis cinerea were screened through the plate confrontation test.Then,the selected four active agents salicylic acid(SA),methyl jasmonate(MeJA),chitooligosaccharide,and Bacillus subtilis were applied to field-cultivated blueberry,with a total of(0.1 mmol·L^(-1),0.5 mmol·L^(-1),1 mmol·L^(-1))SA,(0.01 mmol·L^(-1),0.1 mmol·L^(-1),0.5 mmol·L^(-1))MeJA,(1.5 g·L^(-1),5.0 g·L^(-1))chitooligosaccharide,2 g·L^(-1)Bacillus subtilis and the control group were applied four times in flowering stage and before the color-changing period of the fruits(the flowering period:March 22 and April 1,2024;the period of young fruit:April 20,2024;and the period of fruit expansion:May 10,2024)to investigate the effects of different treatments on the incidence of gray mold in blueberry,and the effects of different treatments on the development and quality of blueberry fruits.The best group was selected by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.

关 键 词：蓝莓 灰霉病 果实品质 生理活性物质 

分 类 号：S663.2[农业科学—果树学]