百瓦级高效推移活塞型脉管制冷机实验研究  

Experimental Study on a Hundred-Watt Highly-Efficient Displacer-Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler

作　　者：吴彦康 陈曦[1] 郑朴[1] 周振东 叶天 张华[1] Wu Yankang;Chen Xi;Zheng Pu;Zhou Zhendong;Ye Tian;Zhang Hua(School of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai,200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093

出　　处：《制冷学报》2025年第2期67-73,共7页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52376012)资助项目;上海市中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZX20213-100003002)项目资助。

摘　　要：推移活塞型脉管制冷机采用推移活塞进行相位调节和声功回收,潜在制冷效率高。针对制冷温度在-100℃附近,当前研究缺乏同时满足大冷量和高效率的推移活塞型脉管制冷机。设计了1台应用于低温冷库的百瓦级制冷量的推移活塞型脉管制冷机,并实验测试其制冷性能,重点关注推移活塞运动和压缩机效率。基于验证后的数值模型,分析脉管冷指与压缩机的耦合关系及冷指内部相位关系。结果表明:当充气压力为3.0 MPa、运行频率为64.9 Hz、水冷温度为20℃、输入电功为500 W时,该推移活塞型脉管制冷机可在-100℃提供160.3 W制冷量,相对卡诺效率为22.2%。此时推移活塞领先压缩活塞59°,冷指内部相位分布合理,压缩机与冷指耦合良好,压缩机效率为78%。该制冷机为目前-100℃制冷温度附近效率最高的推移活塞型脉管制冷机。Displacer-type pulse-tube cryocoolers use a displacer for phase adjustment and recovery of acoustic power,leading to high refrigeration efficiency.Despite their potential,there is limited research on highly efficient displacer-type pulse-tube cryocoolers with large cooling capacities near-100℃.This paper presents the design of a 100-watt displacer-type pulse-tube cryocooler for low-temperature freezers and evaluates its performance,focusing on displacement motion and compressor efficiency.A validated numerical model was employed to analyze the coupling between the pulse tube and compressor and the internal phase relationship of the cold finger.Results show that under operating conditions of a 3.0 MPa charging pressure,64.9 Hz frequency,20℃ cooling water temperature,and 500 W input power,the cryocooler achieved a cooling capacity of 160.3 W at -100℃ with a relative Carnot efficiency of 22.2%.The displacer led the compressor piston by 59°,the internal phase distribution of the pulse tube was optimal,and the compressor exhibited a high efficiency of 78%.This cryocooler is the most efficient displacer-type pulse-tube cryocooler in its temperature range.

关 键 词：脉管低温制冷机 低温冷藏 制冷性能实验 推移活塞 压缩机 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB651