基于一维电子体系的超导复合器件和量子输运研究  

Research on hybrid superconducting devices and quantum transport based on one-dimensional electronic systems

作　　者：邓小松 张志勇[1] 康宁[1,2] DENG Xiaosong;ZHANG Zhiyong;KANG Ning(Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics,School of Electronics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Hefei National Laboratory,Hefei 230088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学电子学院,纳米器件物理与化学教育部重点实验,北京大学碳基电子学研究中心,北京100871 [2]合肥国家实验室,合肥230088

出　　处：《物理学报》2025年第7期68-82,共15页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:12374035,62225101);科技创新2030-“量子通信与量子计算机”重大项目(批准号:2021ZD0302600)资助的课题。

摘　　要：低维电子材料与超导材料的复合体系一直是研究介观输运和低维超导特性的重要平台,其中具有强自旋轨道耦合效应的低维结构与超导宏观量子态结合呈现出丰富的量子现象,为探索新物性和研制新型拓扑量子器件提供了一个理想的平台.采用高质量的一维电子材料构筑超导复合器件,探索受限量子体系与超导界面的量子输运现象和器件调控机制迅速成为研究的前沿和热点.其中的关键问题在于理解纳米尺度下低维体系与超导界面的特征散射机制和量子输运过程,研究电荷态与拓扑局域态的耦合机制,实现对拓扑态本征输运特性的探测,在此基础上为研制新型超导纳电子器件和拓扑量子器件探索新原理和新方法.由于多种能量尺度和束缚态的竞争,介观尺度下的超导复合结构在器件物理、结构设计以及测量方案上都存在前所未有的挑战.本文回顾了基于一维电子体系的超导复合器件的近期进展,聚焦在以半导体纳米线和碳纳米管为代表的实验体系,简要介绍了从材料和器件物理,到输运测量的主要现象和实验挑战.最后本文对一维体系拓扑量子器件的研制和输运研究进行了总结和展望.The hybrid system of low-dimensional electronic materials and superconducting materials has always been an attractive structure for studying mesoscopic transport and low-dimensional superconducting properties.Low-dimensional structures with strong spin-orbit coupling exhibit rich quantum phenomena combined with superconducting macroscopic quantum states.Therefore it has become an important platform for exploring novel physical properties and developing new topological quantum devices.The construction of hybrid superconducting devices based on high-quality one-dimensional electronic materials and the exploration of interfacial quantum transport phenomena have become the research frontiers.It is crucial to understand the characteristic scattering mechanisms and quantum transport processes in these hybrid systems on a nanoscale.The study of the coupling mechanism between the charge state and the topological localized state,and the experimental probe of the intrinsic transport properties of the topological states are the key issues,which enable the development of the new principles and methods for novel superconducting nano electronic devices and topological quantum devices.Due to the competition of multiple energy scales and complex bound states in these hybrid structures,the device physics and measurement schemes are facing unprecedented challenges.This paper reviews recent research progress of hybrid superconducting devices based on one-dimensional electronic systems,focusing on the material systems based on semiconducting nanowires and carbon nanotubes.Semiconducting nanowires with strong spin-orbit coupling and large Landau g-factor are expected to support Majorana bound states,and further improvements are needed in the material quality,interface between superconductors and nanowires,understanding of the transport mechanism,and detection scheme.The construction strategies of extending topological phase space,including broken symmetry,helical modes,semiconducting characteristics,and attenuation of the external ma

关 键 词：一维电子体系 量子输运 拓扑器件 超导复合器件 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]