人工智能在血液肿瘤精准诊疗中的应用进展  

Advancements in artificial intelligence for the precise diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies

作　　者：杨皓旭 熊杰[1] 赵维莅[1] Yang Haoxu;Xiong Jie;Zhao Weili(Department of Haematology,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics,Shanghai Institute of Haematology,Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院血液科,医学基因组学国家重点实验室,上海血液学研究所,上海200025

出　　处：《中华血液学杂志》2025年第2期186-192,共7页Chinese Journal of Hematology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82130004、82270194);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2502600);上海市教委高峰临床医学基金(20152206、20152208);上海申康医院发展中心重大临床研究项目(SHDC2020CR1032B、SHDC2022CRD033);上海交通大学医学院多中心临床研究项目(DLY201601)。

摘　　要：血液肿瘤属于高度异质性的恶性疾病,其生物学特征复杂且临床表现多样化,实施精准诊疗显得尤为重要。为进一步提升诊疗精度、提高预后预测准确性、推进个性化医疗,人工智能在血液肿瘤中的应用日趋广泛。本文总结了近五年来人工智能在血液肿瘤的诊断、治疗以及预后预测等方面的应用,对其优势和不足进行了探讨。人工智能可有效提高血液肿瘤精准诊疗的能力,但面临数据质量欠佳、模型可解释性较差以及临床转化有限等瓶颈问题。未来可通过建立临床数据标准、融合多模态信息进行精准诊疗和预后预测、开展模型算法系统化的临床验证等,从而加快人工智能在血液肿瘤临床中的推广和应用。Hematological malignancy is a highly heterogeneous disease with complex biological characteristics and diverse clinical manifestations.Therefore,precise diagnosis and treatment are crucial and urgently needed.To further improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognostication and to promote personalized therapy,artificial intelligence(AI)has been increasingly used.This study reviewed literature published in the last 5 years and summarized the application,benefits,and drawbacks of AI in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of hematologic malignancies.Although AI can effectively improve the accuracy of diagnosis and therapy,low-quality data,poor interpretability of the model,and limited clinical transformation have impeded its popularization and application.In the future,the clinical application of AI in hematologic malignancy can be accelerated by establishing standards for clinical data processing,integrating multimodal information for accurate diagnosis and prognostication,and conducting systematic clinical verification of model algorithms.

关 键 词：血液肿瘤 治疗 预后预测 数据质量 人工智能 

分 类 号：R733[医药卫生—肿瘤]