弘扬企业家精神的公司法意蕴  

The Implication of Company Law in Fostering Entrepreneurship

作　　者：傅穹[1,2] Fu Qiong(Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院 [2]吉林大学法理中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《学术论坛》2025年第1期54-65,共12页Academic Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“授权资本制法律改革研究”(21AF018)。

摘　　要：市场活力来自于人,特别是来自于企业家,来自于企业家精神。没有企业家精神,就没有中国经济的创新未来,中国比任何时期都需要企业家精神。公司资本与治理制度构成公司法的中心范畴,而弘扬企业家精神则是构建中国自主公司法学范畴体系的逻辑起点。在完善中国特色现代企业制度的新征途,需要家国情怀的企业家群体集中涌现,这有赖于弘扬企业家精神。企业家精神并非资本家精神,应勇于创新并承担社会责任。弘扬企业家精神就应构建企业家友好型公司法,松绑人力资本出资的禁令管制,放开复数表决权股、优先股或可回赎股份等更多类别股份,细化完善授权资本制的本土运行机制创新,共同助力实现企业家愿景。公司治理结构的商业自治安排是弘扬企业家精神的合理延伸,公司治理改革应引入商业判断法则,迈向股东会与董事会合作模式,进一步完善董事义务,尊重控制权的合理行使,强化股东压迫救济。股东出资责任的司法解释须慎重对待溯及既往效力,董事责任配置应适度限缩,考虑差异化模式并设定责任上限。总之,弘扬企业家精神就是公司法的精神意蕴之所在。Market vitality derives from people,especially from entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurship.Without the entrepreneurship,there would be no promising future for China's economy.At present,China has a greater need for the entrepreneurship than ever before.The systems of corporate capital and corporate governance constitute the central aspects of company law,and fostering entrepreneurship serves as the logical starting point for constructing the category system of China's independent company law.On the new journey of improving the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics,there is an urgent need for the emergence of a group of entrepreneurs with a strong sense of patriotism and dedication,which hinges on the promotion of the entrepreneurship.It should be noted that entrepreneurship is distinct from the spirit of capitalism.Entrepreneurs are supposed to be bold in innovation and willing to shoulder social responsibilities.To foster entrepreneurship,it is essential to adopt an entrepreneurfriendly company law.Specifically,the restrictions on human capital contributions should be relaxed,and classified shares such as multiple voting rights shares,preferred shares or redeemable shares should be liberalized.Moreover,the localized operation financing innovation under the authorized capital system should be refined to assist in realizing the entrepreneurial vision.The commercial autonomous arrangement of the corporate governance structure is a reasonable extension of fostering entrepreneurship.In the process of corporate governance reform,the business judgment rule should be introduced,a cooperative model between the shareholders'meeting and the board of directors should be adopted,directors'obligations should be further enhanced,the reasonable exercise of control rights should be respected,and the relief for shareholder oppression should be strengthened.When it comes to the judicial interpretation of shareholders'contribution liability,retroactive effect should be treated with caution.Meanwhile,the configuratio

关 键 词：企业家精神 中国特色现代企业制度 商业判断 创新精神 

分 类 号：D64[政治法律—政治学] F272.91[政治法律—中外政治制度] D922.291[经济管理—企业管理]