碳纤维复合材料液压缸的活塞杆力学分析与设计  

Mechanical Analysis and Design of Piston Rod of Carbon Fiber Composite Hydraulic Cylinder

作　　者：尚耀星[1,2,3] 王业硕 于天 李瑶 焦宗夏[1,2,3] SHANG Yaoxing;WANG Yeshuo;YU Tian;LI Yao;JIAO Zongxia(School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;The Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;Key Laboratory of Advanced Aircraft Utility Systems,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;Ningbo Institute of Technology,Beihang University,Ningbo 315800)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学飞行器一体化控制全国重点实验室,北京100191 [3]北京航空航天大学先进机载系统工业和信息化部重点实验室,北京100191 [4]北京航空航天大学宁波创新研究院,宁波315800

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2025年第4期314-322,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52105047);国家重点研发计划(2018YFB2000702);中国航天科技集团公司第八研究院产学研合作基金(SAST2023-057)资助项目。

摘　　要：碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced composites,CFRP)凭借其优异性能在液压元件与系统轻量化方面受到广泛关注。目前,CFRP在液压缸上的应用主要集中于缸筒,而在活塞杆中的应用研究较少。针对大推拉力的细活塞杆的轻量化,从复合材料杆的力学简化模型出发,研究复合材料的厚度、角度参数的影响,指导复合材料杆的铺层设计。对于CFRP活塞杆的金属-非金属连接结构,设计CFRP与金属接头的凸台嵌合结构,并对结构参数进行优化。形成基于有限元的异质材料活塞杆分析方法,设计试制轻量化活塞杆样件,并组装成液压缸样机进行测试,试验结果表明活塞杆满足设计要求,比同尺寸钢制活塞杆减重64.77%,验证了CFRP在液压缸制造中的可行性和轻量化潜力。Carbon fiber reinforced composites(CFRP)have received much attention in the lightweighting of hydraulic components and systems due to their excellent performance.At present,the application of CFRP in hydraulic cylinders is mainly focused on cylinder barrels,while the application in piston rods is less studied.Aiming at the lightweighting of fine piston rods with large push-pull force,the effect of thickness and angle parameters of composite materials is studied from the simplified model of the mechanics of composite rods to guide the design of composite rod layups.For the metal-nonmetal connection structure of the CFRP piston rod,the CFRP and metal joint structure is designed and the parameters of the chimeric structure are optimized.A finite element-based analysis method for piston rods with heterogeneous materials is developed.The lightweight piston rod prototype is designed and manufactured,and assembled into a hydraulic cylinder prototype for experimental testing.The experimental results show that the piston rod meets the design requirements and reduces the weight by 64.77%compared with the same size steel piston rod,which verifies the feasibility and lightweighting potential of CFRP in the manufacture of hydraulic cylinders.

关 键 词：液压缸 活塞杆 轻量化 碳纤维增强复合材料 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]