欧洲Sinology:汉学抑或中国学?  

Sinology and National Philology:The European Encounter with Qing China

作　　者：沈卫荣[1] SHEN Wei-rong(Tsinghua Institute for Advanced Study in Humanities and Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文与社会科学高等研究所,北京100084

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期135-147,共13页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：在18世纪末和19世纪初,Sinology形成一个学科,并逐渐发展,但其涵盖的范围远不止于对汉语言文化和历史的研究。早期的“Sinology”不仅包括汉语文学,还涉及蒙古语、满语、藏语等与彼时欧洲共时的清代中国的多语言文化。因此,将Sinology等同于“汉学”,这种理解是对其内涵的简化与误解。18世纪末、19世纪初,随着西方民族语文学和东方学的兴起,Sinology作为西方东方学的一支而兴起,它是对清代中国多民族语言、文献、文化的研究。尽管在当代人文学科的分化中,Sinology逐渐失去其作为独立学科的地位,但在中国,Sinology却经历了一次重生,近40年来受到越来越多学者的重视。但中国学者在引入西方汉学成果时,常常忽视了Sinology与现代的“中国研究”之间的根本差异,我们今天对西方汉学的理解缺乏对其历史发展轨迹的考察。The goal of this paper is to explore the relationship between Western “Sinology” and Chinese “汉学”. Over the course of its development in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Sinology grew in scope to encompass far more than just the study of Han Chinese language and culture. Early European Sinology involved not just the study of Han Chinese literature but that of the multilingual culture of the Qing Dynasty as a whole, which included Mongolian, Manchu, Tibetan, and other languages. Therefore, the common identification of Sinology with “汉学” today is in fact an oversimplification and misunderstanding of its connotations. This paper analyzes the historical background of Sinology from a historiographical perspective. The formation of Sinology, in particular during the emergence of National Philology and Oriental Studies within the late 18th and early 19th centuries, was never an isolated phenomenon, but rather was closely related to the study of other national cultures. Despite losing its status as an independent discipline within the disciplinary divisions of the modern humanities, Sinology has experienced a resurgence in Modern China, and attracted increasing amounts of attention among contemporary Chinese scholars. In the process of introducing Western Sinological achievements into China, Chinese scholars often overlook the fundamental differences between Sinology and modern “China Studies”, thus resulting in a misunderstanding of Sinology due to a lack of proper historical consideration.

关 键 词：SINOLOGY 汉学 中国学 区域研究 语文学 

分 类 号：G0[文化科学]