王国维的“天才”观及其话语资源  

Wang Guowei's Concept of"Genius"and Its Discursive Resources

作　　者：伍世昭 Wu Shizhao

机构地区：[1]广州华商学院文学院,广州511300

出　　处：《中国文学批评》2025年第2期72-79,M0005,共9页Chinese Journal of Literary Criticism

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“学术与人生的贯通:王国维诗学建构及其普适意义”(22FZWB074)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：王国维没有给“天才”下一个清晰的定义,但从他有关谈论中仍然可以见出其大致所指,那就是审美创造先天的卓越才能。在王国维那里,“天才”常常在“天才的性能”或天生的禀赋的意义上被使用,从而作为一个要素而存在,并与其他后天要素共同构成创作主体境界整体。但令人遗憾的是,有些学者在讨论天才时,往往把天才与整个创作主体等同为一,或者把一些无关天才的素养如人格、德性和后天的学问、修能也归于天才,从而导致了对王国维原意及其思想资源的误判。而当我们把王国维语境中的“天才”视为创作主体中的一个要素时,就会发现事实上中国传统文论和以康德、叔本华为代表的西方美学从不同侧面影响了王国维。Wang Guowei did not provide a clear definition of"genius,"but his related discussions can reveal its general meaning:an inherent exceptional talent for aesthetic creation.From Wang Guowei's perspective,"genius"is often used in the sense of"the abilities of genius"or innate gifts,and thus exists as an acquired element among others,altogether constituting the overall realm of creative subjects.Unluckily,some scholars tend to equate genius with the entire creative subject or mix up irrelevant qualities with genius,such as personality,virtue,and acquired knowledge or skills.Such acts result in a misunderstanding of Wang Guowei's original intent and his intellectual resources.,However,if we consider"genius"in the discourse of Wang Guowei as one element within the holistic creative subject,we can find the truth that both traditional Chinese literary theory and Western aesthetics,with the latter represented by Kant and Schopenhauer,impacted Wang Guowei from different perspectives.

关 键 词：王国维 天才观 辩证思维 审美化的观念 天才的性能 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]