量子计算在轨道交通运输控制中的研究与应用探索  

Research and application of quantum computing in railway transportation control

作　　者：柴铭[1,2] 梁嘉磊 吴博 张欣怡 谢美玲 CHAI Ming;LIANG Jialei;WU Bo;ZHANG Xinyi;XIE Meiling(School of Automation and Intelligence,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Laboratory for Urban Mass Transit,Beijing 100044,China;Center for Innovation-Driven Development,National Development and Reform Commission,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学自动化与智能学院,北京100044 [2]城市轨道交通北京实验室,北京100044 [3]国家发展和改革委员会创新驱动发展中心,北京100045

出　　处：《科技导报》2025年第5期98-106,共9页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52372309,52372310,U2468206,U2468208,U2469211,U22A2046,52172322,52272329);北京市自然科学基金项目(L231001);中国国家铁路集团科技研发项目(N2023G058)。

摘　　要：轨道交通运输规划及控制的数学本质为离散约束下的优化问题,具有NP(non-deterministic polynomial)难的高计算复杂度问题。作为未来计算能力跨越式发展的重要探索方向,量子计算有望为解决现有大规模路网中的复杂问题提供潜在解决方案。介绍了量子计算的基础概念及算法,分析了其在轨道交通领域的潜在应用场景,包括行车调度组织优化、列车自动运行控制和列车群组的动态编解。通过实验验证了量子粒子群算法在解决复杂优化问题中的优势,表明量子计算在处理大规模离散约束优化问题时具有显著的计算效率提升。然而,量子计算技术在轨道交通中的应用仍面临量子比特退相干、硬件集成和结果安全性等挑战。总结了量子计算在轨道交通中的应用前景及可能面临的问题,强调了量子计算技术在推动轨道交通智能化发展中的潜力与挑战。The mathematical nature of rail transport planning and control is an optimisation problem under discrete constraints,which is NP-hard(non-deterministic polynomial),having high computational complexity.As an important research direction for the future leapfrog development of computing power,quantum computing is expected to provide potential solutions to solve the complex problems in existing large-scale road networks.The basic concepts and algorithms of quantum computing are introduced,and its potential application scenarios in the field of rail transportation are analysed,including the optimization of train scheduling,automatic train operation control and dynamic coupling and decoupling of train groups.The advantages of quantum particle swarm algorithm in solving complex optimisation problems are verified through experiments,which show that quantum computing has significant computational efficiency improvement in dealing with large-scale discrete constrained optimisation problems.However,the application of quantum computing technology in rail transport still faces challenges such as quantum bit decoherence,hardware integration and result security.This paper summarizes the prospects of quantum computing applications in rail transit and the problems it may face,and highlights the potentials and challenges of quantum computing technology in promoting the intelligent development of rail transit.

关 键 词：量子计算 轨道交通 量子算法 

分 类 号：U293.6[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]