中国湿地外来入侵植物分布特征及其影响因素  

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of invasive alien plants in wetlands of China

作　　者：何佳昕 单利平 刘艳杰 He Jiaxin;Shan Liping;Liu Yanjie(School of Geography and Marine Sciences,Yanbian University,Yanji 133000,Jilin,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学地理与海洋科学学院,吉林延吉133000 [2]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《湿地科学》2025年第1期33-47,共15页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100600)资助。

摘　　要：湿地作为容易被外来植物入侵的生态系统之一,入侵形势日益严峻。探究湿地生态系统外来入侵植物的分布格局及其主要驱动因素,有助于湿地生态系统的管理和外来入侵植物的预防。本研究结合野外调查与文献资料数据,对比了全国和湿地生态系统外来入侵植物的原产地组成、物种组成和分布特征,结合历史数据探讨了气候因素与人类活动干扰影响下外来入侵植物丰富度在全国尺度上的分布格局。结果表明,湿地生态系统外来入侵植物有223种,占全国外来入侵植物总数的56.60%;湿地生态系统与全国的外来入侵植物在原产地组成、物种组成和分布特征上基本类似,原产美洲的最多,原产大洋洲的最少,物种组成上均以菊科、豆科和禾本科植物为主,整体都呈现出南多北少、沿海地区较多的分布格局;在西南地区的云南、中南地区的广东和华东地区的浙江分布较多,在东北地区的吉林和西北地区的宁夏、青海、新疆分布较少。对于全国所有外来入侵植物而言,全国尺度上外来入侵植物丰富度与其所在省份(自治区、直辖市)的年平均气温、年降水量、国内生产总值、人口迁徙比例均显著正相关,与人口密度无显著相关关系;多元线性回归分析表明,年降水量对外来入侵植物丰富度影响显著。对于湿地而言,全国尺度上湿地外来入侵植物丰富度与其所在省份(自治区、直辖市)的年平均气温、年降水量、国内生产总值、人口迁徙比例均显著正相关,与人口密度的相关性不显著;多元线性回归分析表明,不同因素对外来入侵植物丰富度均无显著影响。本研究系统阐明了外来入侵植物在全国不同区域湿地生态系统的分布特征及其主要驱动因素,对湿地外来入侵植物的防控和湿地生态系统的管理具有一定参考价值。As one of the ecosystems highly susceptible to invasion by alien plants,wetlands are facing increasingly severe invasion pressures.Exploring the distribution patterns and primary driving factors of invasive alien plants in wetland ecosystems is essential for effective wetland management and prevention of plant invasions.This study compared the origin composition,species composition,and distribution characteristics of invasive alien plants in national and wetland ecosystems by analyzing the data from field surveys and literature.Additionally,we examined the national-scale distribution pattern of invasive alien plant richness under the influence of climatic factors and human disturbance based on historical data.The results showed that 223 invasive alien plant species inhabited wetland ecosystems,constituting 56.60%of the total number of invasive alien plants nationwide.The origin composition,species composition and distribution characteristics of invasive alien plants in wetlands exhibited similarities with those found across the country:In terms of origin composition,invasive alien plants were predominantly native to Americas,with the least number originating from Oceania.The species composition was dominated by Asteraceae,Leguminosae and Poaceae.Overall,invasive alien plants exhibited a distribution pattern with higher concentrations in southern regions and coastal areas,particularly in southwestern Yunnan,central-southern Guangdong,and eastern Zhejiang.Conversely,lower concentrations were observed in northeastern Jilin,northwestern Ningxia,Qinghai,and Xinjiang.For all invasive alien plants nationwide,the richness at the national scale was significantly positively correlated with annual average temperature,annual precipitation,gross domestic product,and population migration ratio of the province(autonomous region,municipality directly under the Central Government)where they occur,but not significantly correlated with population density.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that annual precipitation signifi

关 键 词：气候变化 人类活动 生物入侵 湿地生态系统 物种丰富度 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q-9[生物学]