黄河三角洲新生潮间带湿地土壤种子库特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics of soil seed bank in newly formed intertidal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta and their influencing factors

作　　者：房庆 曲晨宇 刘言智 朱涛 李新彬 王雪宏 贾璐豪 杨继松 车纯广 Fang Qing;Qu Chenyu;Liu Yanzhi;Zhu Tao;Li Xinbin;Wang Xuehong;Jia Luhao;Yang Jisong;Che Chunguang(The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,Shandong,P.R.China;Huanghekou management station,Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Administration,Dongying 257500,Shandong,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学滨海生态高等研究院,山东烟台264025 [2]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区黄河口管理站,山东东营257500

出　　处：《湿地科学》2025年第1期169-180,共12页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171111,42271055);国家自然科学基金-山东联合基金项目(U2006215)资助。

摘　　要：土壤种子库是湿地生物多样性的重要组成部分,在湿地恢复、重建与植被演替、更新等方面起着重要作用。2023年3月,以1996年形成的黄河三角洲新生潮间带湿地为研究区域,采用野外采样与室内培养相结合的方法,对土壤种子库特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,研究区土壤种子库物种组成相对单一,共萌发植物4种,隶属于3科4属,均为草本植物,盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)占据绝对优势,潮沟岸边与近海样带物种更为丰富。种子库密度平均值为(572.22±468.22)p/m^(2),潮滩两侧最远处与近海、近岸样带密度较高,而潮沟岸边与居中样带密度较低,其水平分布近似于“V”形,垂直方向上在>5~10 cm与>10~15 cm深度更为密集。种子库多样性相对较低,与地上植被的相似程度不高。潮沟岸边、近海样带及土壤表层(0~5 cm)种子库的Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数与Pielou均匀度指数更高,物种组成、多样性更为丰富,分布更为均匀,但Jaccard相似性指数绝大部分低于0.50,与地上植被相似程度不高。土壤pH和电导率对种子库具有直接影响,而水位波动则通过影响种子库的埋藏深度、土壤pH、电导率、养分含量等间接对种子库产生影响。Soil seed bank is an important component of biodiversity and plays an important role in restoration and reconstruction of wetlands and the succession and renewal of vegetation.To reveal the characteristics of soil seed bank and its influencing factors of the newly formed intertidal wetland,we selected the intertidal wetland of the Yellow River Delta formed from 1996 as the study area and used the method of combining field sampling and indoor culture in March 2023.The results showed that the species composition of the soil seed bank in the study area was relatively simple,only 4 species were found,which belong to 3 families and 4 genera,all of which were herbaceous plants.Suaeda salsa was the dominant species,and there were more species in the shoreline of the tidal creek and the sea side sampling transect.The average density of the seed bank in the study area was(572.22±468.22)p/m^(2),with higher densities appeared in both sides of the tidal flats and sea side,land side sampling transects,and the seed bank density near the shore of tidal creek and the intermediate sampling transect was lower,whose horizontal distribution was similar to the“V”shape.In the vertical direction,the seed bank density was higher at the depths of 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm.The diversity of seed bank was relatively low,and the similarity with the surface vegetation was not high.The Patrick indices,Shannon-Wiener indices,Simpson indices and Pielou indices of the seed bank were higher along the shoreline of the tidal creek,the sea side sampling transect and the surface layer of the soil(0-5 cm),which showed a richer species composition and diversity,and a more uniform distribution compared with other sampling points.However,the Jaccard indices in most sampling points were lower than 0.50,which showed a low degree of similarity with the surface vegetation.Environmental factors affected the species composition,density and diversity characteristics of the soil seed bank.Soil pH and electrical conductivity showed a direct effect on the character

关 键 词：土壤种子库 黄河三角洲 潮间带湿地 种子库密度 物种多样性 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]